Silicon drives the evolution of complex crystal morphology in calcifying algae.
Silicon drives the evolution of complex crystal morphology in calcifying algae.
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硅推动钙化藻类复杂晶体形态的演化。
DOI：
10.1111/nph.17507
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mock T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mock T
球石藻是一种海洋微藻，由于其钙化能力，已经影响了全球气候数百万年（如Monteiro等人，2016）。它们的生命周期是单倍体外交的，在单倍体和二倍体生命周期阶段，碳酸钙板（球粒）的结构和形态存在显著差异（如de Vargas等，2007；Frada等，2019；de Vries等，2021）（术语表见框1）。单倍体生命周期阶段的球粒（全球粒）在形状和大小上是均匀的，而二倍体阶段的特点是形状复杂的球粒（异球粒）几乎具有无限的形态。由于高溶质的形成方式似乎有所不同，并且只出现在距今约3000万年前（Ma）的化石记录中，即在第一次高温高温之后，有人认为高溶质的形成代表了一个独立的钙化过程，在高温高温出现后不断演化（例如Bown et al., 2004; De Vargas et al., 2007）。然而，在本期的《新植物学家》中，Langer等人（2021;pp. 1845-1857）通过仔细分析HOL形成的过程，挑战了这一观点。结合最先进的显微镜技术来保存所有的亚细胞结构，并通过实验来揭示硅在钙化过程中的作用，他们表明，HOLs是在类似于HETs的细胞内区室中形成的，并且硅只需要形成复杂形状的球粒。这些结果表明，HOLs可能代表了钙化的一种祖先形式，并且在钙化过程中使用硅的能力是后来进化的，并且负责合成精心形状的HETs。钙化是球石藻最具特征的特征，属于原核石藻群，从约310 Ma的非钙化祖先中分化出来（如Liu et al., 2010）。在有阳光照射的海洋中，已知有250多种球石藻，贡献了每年海洋初级产量的10%（如Poulton等，2007年）。一些物种，包括赫胥黎Emiliania huxleyi，是如此多产，以至于它们的花朵可以从太空中看到（图1）。尽管它们对全球碳循环具有重要意义，但到目前为止，大多数研究只关注有限数量的二倍体颗石藻，研究得最好的可能是
Coccolithophores are oceanic microalgae that have influenced the global climate for millions of years because of their ability to calcify (eg Monteiro et al., 2016). Their life cycle is haplo–diplontic with significant differences in the structure and morphology of the calcium carbonate plates (coccoliths) between haploid and diploid life-cycle stages (eg de Vargas et al., 2007; Frada et al., 2019; De Vries et al., 2021)(see Box 1 for a Glossary of terms). Whereas coccoliths of haploid life-cycle stages (holococcoliths (HOLs)) are uniform in shape and size, diploid stages are characterized by intricately-shaped coccoliths (heterococcoliths (HETs)) of almost infinite morphology. As HOLs seem to be formed differently and only appear in the fossil record c. 30 million years ago (Ma) after the first HETs, it has been suggested that HOL formation represents an independent process of calcification, evolving after the emergence of HETs (eg Bown et al., 2004; De Vargas et al., 2007). Yet, in this issue of New Phytologist, Langer et al.(2021; pp. 1845–1857) have challenged this view by carefully analysing the process of HOL formation. Combining state-of-the-art microscopy tailored to preserve all subcellular structures, and experiments to reveal the role of silicon in the process of calcification, they show that HOLs are formed in intracellular compartments similar to HETs and that silicon is only required for the formation of intricately shaped coccoliths. These results suggest that HOLs might represent an ancestral form of calcification and that the ability to use silicon in the process of calcification evolved later and is responsible for the synthesis of the elaborately shaped HETs.Calcification is the most characteristic feature of coccolithophores, which belong to the group of prymnesiophytes and diverged from their noncalcifying ancestors c. 310 Ma (eg Liu et al., 2010). There are over 250 known species of coccolithophores in sunlit oceans, contributing up to 10% of annual marine primary production (eg Poulton et al., 2007). Some species, including Emiliania huxleyi, are so productive that their blooms can be seen from space (Fig. 1). Despite their significance for the global carbon cycle, most studies so far have only focussed on a limited number of diploid coccolithophores with the best studied likely to be
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Lynch, Michael
通讯作者：
Lynch, Michael
硅在球石藻复杂晶体形状发育中的作用。
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
G. Langer;Alison R. Taylor;C. Walker;Erin M. Meyer;Oz Ben Joseph;Assaf Gal;G. Harper;I. Probert;C. Brownlee;Glen L. Wheeler
通讯作者：
Glen L. Wheeler
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Krasovec, Marc;Rickaby, Rosalind E. M.;Filatov, Dmitry A.
通讯作者：
Filatov, Dmitry A.
私生活
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Hamburger
通讯作者：
R. Hamburger
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1804139115
发表时间：
2018-10-23
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Gal A;Sorrentino A;Kahil K;Pereiro E;Faivre D;Scheffel A
通讯作者：
Scheffel A