Gesture changes thought by grounding it in action.

Gesture changes thought by grounding it in action.
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DOI:
10.1177/0956797610385353
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发表时间:
2010-11
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Goldin-Meadow S
Goldin-Meadow S
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Beilock SL;Goldin-Meadow S

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当人们说话时,他们会做手势。我们表明,手势将动作信息引入说话者的心理表征中,进而影响随后的表现。在exp . 1中,参与者(a)解决了河内塔任务(TOH1);(b)(用手势)解释他们是如何解决的;(c)再次求解(TOH2)。对于所有参与者来说,TOH1中最小的圆盘最轻,可以单手举起。对于一些参与者(无开关组),TOH2中的磁盘与TOH1相同。对于其他组(Switch组),TOH2中的磁盘重量是相反的(最小的磁盘=最重的磁盘,不能单手举起)。Switch组的手势越多地描述单手移动最小的磁盘,他们在TOH2上的表现就越差。对于不切换组来说,情况并非如此,对于跳过解释步骤且没有做手势的ex . 2中的切换组也是如此。手势使人们的心理表征发生作用。当这些手势不再与任务的操作约束兼容时,问题解决就会受到影响。
When people talk, they gesture. We show that gesture introduces action information into speakers’ mental representations, which, in turn, impact subsequent performance. In Exp.-1, participants (a) solved the Tower-of-Hanoi task (TOH1); (b) explained (with gesture) how they solved it; (c) solved it again (TOH2). For all participants, the smallest disk in TOH1 was lightest and could be lifted with one-hand. For some participants (No-Switch Group), disks in TOH2 were identical to TOH1. For others (Switch Group), disk weights in TOH2 were reversed (smallest disk=heaviest and could not be lifted one-handed). The more the Switch group’s gestures depicted moving the smallest-disk one-handed, the worse they performed on TOH2. This was not true for the No-Switch Group, nor for the Switch Group in Exp.-2 who skipped the explanation step and did not gesture. Gesturing grounds people’s mental representations in action. When these gestures are no longer compatible with the action constraints of the task, problem solving suffers.
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