Interactions between impulsivity and MDPV self-administration in rats.
Interactions between impulsivity and MDPV self-administration in rats.
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合成卡西酮，如 3,4-亚甲二氧基吡咯戊酮 (MDPV)，是一种经常在“浴盐”制剂中发现的娱乐性滥用药物。人类报告了使用浴盐的强迫模式，之前的研究表明，一部分老鼠出现了异常高水平的 MDPV 自我给药。本研究旨在检验以下假设：相对于冲动性水平较低的大鼠，高水平的冲动性（例如，无法抑制对蔗糖奖励的反应）会使大鼠倾向于高水平的 MDPV 自我给药。使用单项选择系列反应时间任务 (1-CSRTT) 评估 10 只雌性和 10 只雄性 Sprague Dawley 大鼠的冲动性（即过早反应）。然后让大鼠自行施用 0.032 mg/kg/inf MDPV 或 0.32 mg/kg/inf 可卡因，之后在 FR5 强化方案下生成 MDPV (0.001-0.1 mg/kg/inf) 或可卡因 (0.01-1 mg/kg/inf) 的完整剂量反应曲线。在有自我施用 MDPV 或可卡因病史后，在评估 MDPV (0.032-0.32 mg/kg) 或可卡因 (0.1-1 mg/kg) 对冲动的急性影响之前，根据 1-CSRTT 重新评估冲动。冲动水平与随后的 MDPV 或可卡因自我给药水平不相关，并且药物自我给药水平也与随后的冲动水平不相关，尽管急性给药 MDPV 和可卡因确实增加了过早反应。由于未能找到冲动与随后的吸毒行为或吸毒行为与随后的冲动评估之间的直接关系，这些发现凸显了动物模型和人类的冲动行为与吸毒行为之间的关联固有的复杂性。
Synthetic cathinones, such as 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), are recreational drugs of abuse often identified in “bath salts” preparations. Humans report compulsive patterns of bath salts use, and previous work suggests that a subset of rats develop unusually high levels of MDPV self-administration. This study aims to test the hypothesis that high levels of impulsivity (e.g., inability to withhold responding for a sucrose reward) will predispose rats to high levels of MDPV self-administration relative to rats with lower levels of impulsivity. The 1-choice serial reaction time task (1-CSRTT) was used to assess impulsivity (i.e., premature responding) in 10 female and 10 male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were then allowed to self-administer 0.032 mg/kg/inf MDPV or 0.32 mg/kg/inf cocaine, after which full dose-response curves for MDPV (0.001-0.1 mg/kg/inf) or cocaine (0.01-1 mg/kg/inf) were generated under a FR5 schedule of reinforcement. After a history of self-administering MDPV or cocaine, impulsivity was reassessed under the 1-CSRTT, prior to evaluating the acute effects of MDPV (0.032-0.32 mg/kg) or cocaine (0.1-1 mg/kg) on impulsivity. Level of impulsivity was not correlated with subsequent levels of either MDPV or cocaine self-administration, and level of drug self-administration was also not correlated with subsequent levels of impulsivity, although acute administration of MDPV and cocaine did increase premature responding. In failing to find direct relationships between either impulsivity and subsequent drug-taking behavior, or drug-taking behavior and subsequent assessments of impulsivity, these findings highlight the complexity inherent in the associations between impulsive behavior and drug-taking behavior in both animal models and humans.
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