Isolation of intake mediated effects demonstrate that the phenomic benefits of dietary omega-3 are nominal to Atlantic salmon when reared in a challenging (hypoxic) environment
Isolation of intake mediated effects demonstrate that the phenomic benefits of dietary omega-3 are nominal to Atlantic salmon when reared in a challenging (hypoxic) environment
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摄入介导效应的分离表明，在具有挑战性（缺氧）的环境中饲养时，膳食 omega-3 的表观益处对于大西洋鲑鱼来说是微不足道的
DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740461
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Glencross B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glencross B
本研究的目的是研究是否具有挑战性的环境条件（如缺氧）影响鱼的饮食反应，通过改变反应的营养利用或下调食欲。为了检验这一点，当保持在常氧（8.1 ± 0.6 mg/L）或低氧（6.8 ± 0.5 mg/L）环境条件下时，向幼鱼后大西洋鲑鱼（138.8 ± 0.65 g/鱼;平均值± SD）饲喂亚（2.6% TFA; Ln 3）和最佳（6.0% TFA; Hn 3）水平的长链多不饱和ω-3脂肪酸（n-3 LC-PUFA）。为了控制缺氧对食欲和食物摄入的预期影响，另外两种处理包括两种饮食，其成对饲喂至与缺氧处理中相同的摄入水平。溶解氧的减少伴随着溶解CO2的增加和海水pH值的下降，总碱度没有变化。在138天的研究后，鱼的平均重量增加到616至720 g/鱼。低氧对最终体重和增重有显著的负面影响，这些主要是对采食量的影响。未观察到处理对饲料转化率的影响。观察到显着的饮食x氧相互作用的全身脂质水平，但没有其他接近的组成参数。观察到低氧和定量给药对几个血浆化学参数的亚临床影响，但与饮食相关的反应很少。缺氧影响血浆总蛋白、胆固醇和红细胞计数。饲料消化率通常不受缺氧或口粮，虽然一系列的饮食相关的影响是明显的。营养保留数据显示，膳食短链多不饱和脂肪酸的延长和去饱和的证据，饮食影响欧米茄-6和欧米茄-3脂肪酸的沉积的明显效果。这项研究建立在早期研究的基础上，但重要的是现在包括对摄食量影响的控制，以澄清缺氧对营养和摄入介导的影响的作用。由于这些控制，现在更清楚的是，大西洋鲑鱼对长链omega-3的许多表型反应是标称的，并且在很大程度上不受缺氧等具有挑战性的环境条件的影响。包括一系列成对饲养处理，与相应缺氧处理的饲料摄入水平相匹配，表明n-3 LC-PUFA的影响似乎主要是大西洋鲑鱼幼鱼后摄入介导的影响。
The present study was designed to examine whether challenging environmental conditions (such as hypoxia) influence a fish's response to diet by changing responses to nutrient utilisation or down-regulation of appetite. To examine this, post-smolt Atlantic salmon (138.8 ± 0.65 g/fish; mean ± SD) were fed sub- (2.6% TFA; Ln3) and optimal (6.0% TFA; Hn3) levels of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) when maintained under either normoxic (8.1 ± 0.6 mg/L) or hypoxic (6.8 ± 0.5 mg/L) environmental conditions. To control for the anticipated effects of hypoxia on appetite and food intake, two additional treatments included the two diets that were pair-fed to the same intake levels as in the hypoxic treatments. The reduction in dissolved oxygen was accompanied by an increase in dissolved CO2and decline in seawater pH, with no change in total alkalinity. After 138 days of the study the fish increased their average weight to between 616 and 720 g/fish subject to treatment. Hypoxia had a significant negative impact on final weight and weight gain, and these were the result primarily of effects on feed intake. No effects of treatments on feed conversion were observed. Significant diet x oxygen interactions were observed on whole-body lipid levels, but no other proximate compositional parameters. Sub-clinical effects of hypoxia and ration on several plasma chemistry parameters were observed, but few responses were diet related. Hypoxia affected plasma total protein, cholesterol, and red blood cell counts. Diet digestibility was typically not affected by hypoxia or ration, though a range of diet related effects were evident. Nutrient retention data showed evidence of elongation and desaturation of dietary short-chain PUFA, with clear effects of diet affecting the deposition of both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. This study builds on findings from earlier studies, but crucially now include controls for the feed intake effects to clarify the roles of hypoxia on the nutrient and intake mediated effects. As a result of these controls, it is now clearer that many of the phenomic responses to long-chain omega-3 by Atlantic salmon are nominal and are largely unaffected by challenging environmental conditions like hypoxia. The inclusion of a series of pair-fed treatments, matching the feed intake levels of corresponding hypoxic treatments, shows that the effects of n-3 LC-PUFA appear to be largely intake mediated effects for Atlantic salmon post-smolts.
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DOI：
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