Dynein and intraflagellar transport.

Dynein and intraflagellar transport.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.02.017
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发表时间:
2015-05-15
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Witman, George B.
Witman, George B.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hou, Yuqing;Witman, George B.

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鞭毛内转运(IFT)是颗粒沿着纤毛/鞭毛(此处可互换使用的术语)的双向运动(综述见Rosenbaum和Witman,2002; Baldari和Rosenbaum,2010)。这种运动首先通过微分干涉对比显微镜(DIC)在莱茵衣藻中观察到(Kozminski等人,1993年)。后来,荧光显微术(特别是全内反射荧光[TIRF]显微术)被广泛用于观察IFT期间单个蛋白质的运动(Engel et al.,2009年)。在发现IFT后不久,发现驱动从鞭毛基部到尖端的运动(顺行IFT)的马达蛋白是异源三聚体驱动蛋白2(在衣原体中由FLA 10、FLA 8和FLA 3组成;在哺乳动物中由KIF 3A、KIF 3B和KAP组成)(Walther等人,1994; Kozminski等人,1995; Morris和Scholey,1997;科尔等人,1998; Nonaka等人,1998年)。多年来,在秀丽隐杆线虫和哺乳动物中发现了更多的驱动蛋白参与顺行IFT。似乎异源三聚体驱动蛋白-2马达是在任何IFT发生的地方起作用的核心IFT机制的一部分,而辅助驱动蛋白以细胞特异性方式起作用以产生纤毛形状和功能的多样性(Verhey等人,2011年)。通过利用衣原体fla 10温度敏感性突变体,两个研究小组最初分离了至少15种蛋白质,它们构成IFT期间移动的颗粒(Reynno和Mead,1997;科尔等人,1998年)。迄今为止,已经鉴定了至少22种IFT颗粒蛋白(Ou et al.,2005; Taschner等人,2012;石川等人,这些蛋白质形成两种不同的复合物,称为IFT-A和IFT-B。驱动颗粒从鞭毛顶端向基部运动(逆行IFT)的马达蛋白在衣原体中称为细胞质动力蛋白1b,在脊椎动物中称为细胞质动力蛋白2。在这里,为了简单起见,我们将为逆行IFT提供动力的动力蛋白统称为IFT动力蛋白。© 2015由Elsevier Inc.发布。*信件应寄往:乔治。Witman@ umassmed. edu.
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is the bi-directional movement of particles along the length of cilia/flagella (terms used interchangeably here)(reviewed in Rosenbaum and Witman, 2002; Baldari and Rosenbaum, 2010). This movement was first observed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC)(Kozminski et al., 1993). Later, fluorescence microscopy (especially total internal reflection fluorescence [TIRF] microscopy) was widely used to observe the movement of individual proteins during IFT (Engel et al., 2009). Shortly after the discovery of IFT, the motor protein that powers the movement from the base of the flagellum to the tip (anterograde IFT) was found to be heterotrimeric kinesin 2 (composed of FLA10, FLA8, and FLA3 in Chlamydomonas; KIF3A, KIF3B, and KAP in mammals)(Walther et al., 1994; Kozminski et al., 1995; Morris and Scholey, 1997; Cole et al., 1998; Nonaka et al., 1998). Over the years, additional kinesins were found to be involved in anterograde IFT in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals. It appears that the heterotrimeric kinesin-2 motor is part of the core IFT machinery that functions wherever IFT occurs, whereas accessory kinesins function in a cell-specific manner to generate diversity in ciliary shape and function (Verhey et al., 2011). By taking advantage of the Chlamydomonas fla10 temperature-sensitive mutant, two groups initially isolated at least 15 proteins that compose the particles moving during IFT (Piperno and Mead, 1997; Cole, et al., 1998). To date, at least 22 IFT-particle proteins have been identified (Ou et al., 2005; Taschner et al., 2012; Ishikawa et al., 2014); these proteins form two different complexes, termed IFT-A and IFT-B. The motor protein that powers the movement of the particles from the tip of the flagellum to the base (retrograde IFT) is called cytoplasmic dynein 1b in Chlamydomonas and cytoplasmic dynein 2 in vertebrates. Here, for simplicity, we collectively refer to the dyneins that power retrograde IFT as IFT dyneins.© 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.* To whom correspondence should be addressed: George. Witman@ umassmed. edu.
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.159038
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