The contribution of motor vehicle emissions to ambient fine particulate matter public health impacts in New York City: a health burden assessment.
The contribution of motor vehicle emissions to ambient fine particulate matter public health impacts in New York City: a health burden assessment.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12940-016-0172-6
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发表时间：
2016-08-26
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Matte T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kheirbek I;Haney J;Douglas S;Ito K;Matte T
道路车辆是城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）的重要来源，但空间上不同的交通排放和弱势群体使得难以评估影响，以告知政策和公众。我们使用高空间分辨率排放估计、空气质量建模和当地健康发病率数据，估计了纽约市（NYC）地区道路车辆产生的空气污染导致的PM2.5死亡率和发病率，以评估车辆类别、社区和地区社会经济状况的影响差异。我们开发了多个"零排放"方案，重点关注纽约地区的区域和当地汽车、卡车和公共汽车。我们使用社区多尺度空气质量模型以1公里的空间分辨率模拟了纽约市的PM2.5浓度，并将模型估计值与2010年至2012年的监测数据相结合。我们应用健康影响函数和当地健康数据来量化42个城市社区内的PM2.5对纽约市居民的健康负担。我们估计，由于PM2.5暴露，纽约市地区的所有道路上移动的污染源每年导致320例（95%置信区间（CI）：220 - 420）死亡和870例（95% CI：440 - 1280）住院和急诊，导致5850（95% CI：4020 - 7620）年寿命损失。纽约市内的卡车和公共汽车占道路移动可归因于环境PM2.5的最大份额，在1公里网格单元中占年平均水平的14.9%，每年与170（95%CI：110 - 220）例PM2.5可归因于死亡相关。这些贡献并不是均匀分布的，高贫困社区比低贫困社区经历了更大份额的暴露和健康负担。减少机动车排放，特别是卡车和公共汽车的排放，可以产生重大的健康效益，并减少影响的差异。我们的高空间分辨率建模方法可以改善对其他城市道路车辆健康影响的评估。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12940 - 016 - 0172 - 6）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
On-road vehicles are an important source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities, but spatially varying traffic emissions and vulnerable populations make it difficult to assess impacts to inform policy and the public. We estimated PM2.5-attributable mortality and morbidity from on-road vehicle generated air pollution in the New York City (NYC) region using high-spatial-resolution emissions estimates, air quality modeling, and local health incidence data to evaluate variations in impacts by vehicle class, neighborhood, and area socioeconomic status. We developed multiple ‘zero-out’ emission scenarios focused on regional and local cars, trucks, and buses in the NYC region. We simulated PM2.5 concentrations using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model at a 1-km spatial resolution over NYC and combined modeled estimates with monitored data from 2010 to 2012. We applied health impact functions and local health data to quantify the PM2.5-attributable health burden on NYC residents within 42 city neighborhoods. We estimate that all on-road mobile sources in the NYC region contribute to 320 (95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 220–420) deaths and 870 (95 % CI: 440–1280) hospitalizations and emergency department visits annually within NYC due to PM2.5 exposures, accounting for 5850 (95 % CI: 4020–7620) years of life lost. Trucks and buses within NYC accounted for the largest share of on-road mobile-attributable ambient PM2.5, contributing up to 14.9 % of annual average levels across 1-km grid cells, and were associated with 170 (95 % CI: 110–220) PM2.5-attributable deaths each year. These contributions were not evenly distributed, with high poverty neighborhoods experiencing a larger share of the exposure and health burden than low poverty neighborhoods. Reducing motor vehicle emissions, especially from trucks and buses, could produce significant health benefits and reduce disparities in impacts. Our high-spatial-resolution modeling approach could improve assessment of on-road vehicle health impacts in other cities. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0172-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Kheirbek, Iyad;Wheeler, Katherine;Walters, Sarah;Kass, Daniel;Matte, Thomas
通讯作者：
Matte, Thomas
影响因子：
11.4
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Hong, Andy;Schweitzer, Lisa;Marr, Linsey C.
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Marr, Linsey C.
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Greco, Susan L.;Wilson, Andrew M.;Levy, Jonathan I.
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Levy, Jonathan I.
影响因子：
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Johansson, Christer;Burman, Lars;Forsberg, Bertil
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Forsberg, Bertil
影响因子：
120.7
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Friedman, MS;Powell, KE;Teague, WG
通讯作者：
Teague, WG