From emergence to eradication: the epidemiology of poliomyelitis deconstructed.
From emergence to eradication: the epidemiology of poliomyelitis deconstructed.
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwq320
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kew OM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nathanson N;Kew OM
脊髓灰质炎已经以流行病形式出现，在全球范围内成为地方病，并已减少到接近消除，所有这些都在有记录的病史范围内。 19世纪末，脊髓灰质炎在许多欧洲国家和北美出现流行，随后脊髓灰质炎成为每年流行的全球性疾病。 1900年至1950年脊髓灰质炎流行期间，脊髓灰质炎病例的年龄分布逐渐增加。从 1955 年开始，脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的研制导致脊髓灰质炎发病率逐步减少，最终到 1972 年，美国野生脊髓灰质炎病毒出人意料地被消除。脊髓灰质炎免疫接种在全球范围内的推广导致麻痹性疾病从每年疫苗接种前估计的至少 60 万例减少到 2000 年的不到 1,000 例。本土野生 2 型脊髓灰质炎病毒已于 1999 年被根除，但 1 型和 3 型脊髓灰质炎病毒的局部传播仍在亚洲和非洲 4 个国家持续存在。目前最终根除麻痹性脊髓灰质炎面临的挑战包括地方性脊髓灰质炎病毒储存库中野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的持续传播、无脊髓灰质炎地区的再次感染、疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒循环导致的疫情以及少数患有B细胞免疫缺陷的疫苗接种者持续排泄疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒。除了目前根除仅存的野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的努力之外，全球根除工作还必须安全地应对一系列前所未有的最终挑战，以确保永久停止所有人类脊髓灰质炎病毒感染。
Poliomyelitis has appeared in epidemic form, become endemic on a global scale, and been reduced to near-elimination, all within the span of documented medical history. Epidemics of the disease appeared in the late 19th century in many European countries and North America, following which polio became a global disease with annual epidemics. During the period of its epidemicity, 1900–1950, the age distribution of poliomyelitis cases increased gradually. Beginning in 1955, the creation of poliovirus vaccines led to a stepwise reduction in poliomyelitis, culminating in the unpredicted elimination of wild polioviruses in the United States by 1972. Global expansion of polio immunization resulted in a reduction of paralytic disease from an estimated annual prevaccine level of at least 600,000 cases to fewer than 1,000 cases in 2000. Indigenous wild type 2 poliovirus was eradicated in 1999, but unbroken localized circulation of poliovirus types 1 and 3 continues in 4 countries in Asia and Africa. Current challenges to the final eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis include the continued transmission of wild polioviruses in endemic reservoirs, reinfection of polio-free areas, outbreaks due to circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, and persistent excretion of vaccine-derived poliovirus by a few vaccinees with B-cell immunodeficiencies. Beyond the current efforts to eradicate the last remaining wild polioviruses, global eradication efforts must safely navigate through an unprecedented series of endgame challenges to assure the permanent cessation of all human poliovirus infections.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Aylward, R. Bruce;Maher, Chris
通讯作者：
Maher, Chris
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
deQuadros, CA;Hersh, BS;Carrasco, PA
通讯作者：
Carrasco, PA
影响因子：
--
作者：
BODIAN, D
通讯作者：
BODIAN, D
DOI：
10.1086/593310
发表时间：
2008-12-15
期刊：
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chumakov K;Ehrenfeld E
通讯作者：
Ehrenfeld E
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Agol, VI
通讯作者：
Agol, VI