Distinct intramolecular interactions regulate autoinhibition of vinculin binding in αT-catenin and αE-catenin.

Distinct intramolecular interactions regulate autoinhibition of vinculin binding in αT-catenin and αE-catenin.
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分子内相互作用调节αT-catenin和αe-catenin中质蛋白结合的自抑制。

DOI:
10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100582
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发表时间:
2021-01
期刊:
The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kwiatkowski AV
Kwiatkowski AV
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heier JA;Pokutta S;Dale IW;Kim SK;Hinck AP;Weis WI;Kwiatkowski AV

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α-Catenin binds directly to β-catenin and connects the cadherin–catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton. Tension regulates α-catenin conformation. Actomyosin-generated force stretches the middle (M)-region to relieve autoinhibition and reveal a binding site for the actin-binding protein vinculin. It is not known whether the intramolecular interactions that regulate epithelial (αE)-catenin binding are conserved across the α-catenin family. Here, we describe the biochemical properties of testes (αT)-catenin, an α-catenin isoform critical for cardiac function and how intramolecular interactions regulate vinculin-binding autoinhibition. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that αT-catenin binds the β-catenin–N-cadherin complex with a similar low nanomolar affinity to that of αE-catenin. Limited proteolysis revealed that the αT-catenin M-region adopts a more open conformation than αE-catenin. The αT-catenin M-region binds the vinculin N-terminus with low nanomolar affinity, indicating that the isolated αT-catenin M-region is not autoinhibited and thereby distinct from αE-catenin. However, the αT-catenin head (N- and M-regions) binds vinculin 1000-fold more weakly (low micromolar affinity), indicating that the N-terminus regulates the M-region binding to vinculin. In cells, αT-catenin recruitment of vinculin to cell–cell contacts requires the actin-binding domain and actomyosin-generated tension, indicating that force regulates vinculin binding. Together, our results show that the αT-catenin N-terminus is required to maintain M-region autoinhibition and modulate vinculin binding. We postulate that the unique molecular properties of αT-catenin allow it to function as a scaffold for building specific adhesion complexes.
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