How do offenders choose where to offend? Perspectives from animal foraging

How do offenders choose where to offend? Perspectives from animal foraging
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犯罪者如何选择犯罪地点?

DOI:
10.1111/lcrp.12061
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Johnson S
Johnson S
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Johnson S

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研究表明,罪犯的空间决策不是随机的。然而,对于一系列犯罪是否或如何影响犯罪者的下一个目标,人们知之甚少。利用环境犯罪学和生态学文献中的概念和实证研究结果,在这篇文章中,我认为什么样的空间模式可能是预期的连续犯罪所犯下的连环罪犯,并提供了一个实证examination.MethodsData检测到的窃贼进行了分析和模式的事件间距离连续犯罪相比,这些签名通常与三种类型的觅食行为-中央觅食布朗漫步和列维漫步分析涉及到使用蒙特卡罗模拟,以获得一个预期的分布为中心的地方觅食,而观察到的概率密度函数的顺序事件间的距离相比,指数和幂律分布,以测试布朗和Lévy walks.ResultsAnalyses的证据表明,在盗窃顺序事件间的距离的模式不能解释一个简单的中心觅食策略。顺序事件间距离的分布被发现是一致的布朗和Lévy walks.ConclusionsThe研究结果表明,有罪犯的顺序空间选择,这些是类似的跨物种观察到的。为什么有证据的布朗和列维散步的原因进行了讨论。的法医技术,如犯罪联系分析,地理罪犯分析和犯罪预测的影响进行了讨论。
PurposeResearch suggests that offender spatial decision‐making is not random. However, little is known about if or how offences in a series influence where an offender will target next. Drawing on concepts and empirical findings from environmental criminology and the ecology literature, in this article I consider what spatial patterns might be expected in the sequential crimes committed by serial offenders and provide an empirical example.MethodsData for detected burglars are analysed and patterns in the inter‐event distances for sequential offences compared with those signatures typically associated with three types of foraging behaviour – central place foraging, Brownian walks and Lévy walks. Analyses involve the use of a Monte Carlo simulation to derive an expected distribution for central place foraging, while the observed probability density function of sequential inter‐event distances is compared to exponential and power law distributions to test for evidence of Brownian and Lévy walks, respectively.ResultsAnalyses suggest that patterns in burglar sequential inter‐event distances cannot be explained by a simple central place foraging strategy. The distribution of sequential inter‐event distances is found to be consistent with both Brownian and Lévy walks.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that there are regularities in the sequential spatial choices made by offenders, and that these are similar to those observed across species. Reasons for why there is evidence of both Brownian and Lévy walks are discussed. The implications of the findings for forensic techniques such as crime linkage analysis, geographic offender profiling and crime forecasting are discussed.
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