The effect of life history on retroviral genome invasions.

The effect of life history on retroviral genome invasions.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0117442
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Coulson T
Coulson T
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kanda RK;Coulson T

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内源性逆转录病毒(ERV),或过去的逆转录病毒感染的残余物,不再活跃,在大多数脊椎动物的基因组中发现,通常约占基因组的10%。在一些脊椎动物中,特别是在寿命较短的物种如啮齿动物中,发现活性内源性逆转录病毒并不罕见。在寿命较长的物种中,包括人类在内,已经投入了大量精力寻找活跃的ERV,但很少发现它们;迄今为止,在人类中还没有发现。据推测,检测到活动性ERV感染的机会是ERV流行时间长短的函数。直觉上,鉴于ERV或过去ERV感染的特征从父母传给后代,我们可能期望在世代时间较长的物种中检测到更活跃的ERV,因为感染在较长的物种中应该需要更多年的时间才能完成其过程。这意味着在寿命较短的物种中观察到更活跃的ERV感染是矛盾的。我们使用建模方法来研究影响ERV流行持续时间的因素,以探索这一悖论。我们简单的流行病学模型可以解释为什么我们在寿命较短而不是寿命较长的物种中发现了活动性ERV感染的证据。
Endogenous retroviruses (ERV), or the remnants of past retroviral infections that are no longer active, are found in the genomes of most vertebrates, typically constituting approximately 10% of the genome. In some vertebrates, particularly in shorter-lived species like rodents, it is not unusual to find active endogenous retroviruses. In longer-lived species, including humans where substantial effort has been invested in searching for active ERVs, it is unusual to find them; to date none have been found in humans. Presumably the chance of detecting an active ERV infection is a function of the length of an ERV epidemic. Intuitively, given that ERVs or signatures of past ERV infections are passed from parents to offspring, we might expect to detect more active ERVs in species with longer generation times, as it should take more years for an infection to run its course in longer than in shorter lived species. This means the observation of more active ERV infections in shorter compared to longer-lived species is paradoxical. We explore this paradox using a modeling approach to investigate factors that influence ERV epidemic length. Our simple epidemiological model may explain why we find evidence of active ERV infections in shorter rather than longer-lived species.
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