Alternative Methods and Their Application in Neurotoxicity Testing

Alternative Methods and Their Application in Neurotoxicity Testing
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替代方法及其在神经毒性测试中的应用

DOI:
--
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发表时间:
1991
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
D. Ray
D. Ray
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
C. Atterwill;M. Simpson;R. Evans;S. L. Allen;D. Ray

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据估计,环境中大约有4-5百万种化合物,其中5 - 6万种用于普通工业用途(1)。每年有多达1000种新化学物质进入市场,因此包括人类在内的生物种群不可能避免以某种形式接触化学物质。这个广泛的化学宇宙的存在,加上一些化学物质对生物系统具有高度毒性的事实,强调需要确定如何将化学物质安全地纳入现代社会的结构。关于神经毒物,随着越来越多的神经系统重要的环境污染问题的出现,目前对神经毒理学问题的科学和监管意识日益增强;例如,涉及接触铅、铝、锡、有机溶剂和农用化学品的问题。此外,新的、潜在的中枢活性和神经毒性的异种抗生素正在不断进入工业开发的“管道”。为了识别神经毒性化学物质,然后将其在社会中的使用立法,过去和现在的重点是使用体内方法。本综述的目的是确定现有体外神经毒性方法的主要信息来源,突出一些新技术或概念,并指出在无脊椎动物和低等脊椎动物神经科学方面的关键综述,因为从理论上讲,这些简单的神经系统可以用于神经毒理学测试目的。
It has been estimated that there are approximately 4–5 million chemical compounds in the environment, with around 50,000–60,000 in common industrial use (1). Up to 1,000 new chemicals enter commerce each year, so it is impossible for populations of living organisms, including man, to avoid exposure to chemicals in some form or another. The existence of this extensive chemical universe, plus the fact that some chemicals are highly toxic to biological systems, emphasises the need to define how chemicals can be safely incorporated into the fabric of modern societies. With regard to neurotoxicants, there is currently an increasing scientific and regulatory awareness of neurotoxicological issues as many more neurologically-important, environmental pollution problems arise; for example, problems involving exposure to lead, aluminium, tin, organic solvents and agrochemicals (2). Moreover, new, potentially centrally-active and neurotoxic xenobiotics are continually entering the development ‘pipeline’ in industry. To identify neurotoxic chemicals and then legislate their use in society, previous and current emphasis is on the use of in vivo methodology. The purpose of this review is to identify the main sources of information on existing in vitro neurotoxicity methods, to highlight some new techniques or concepts, and to indicate key reviews on invertebrate and lower vertebrate neuroscience, since, in theory, some of these simple nervous systems could be exploited for neurotoxicological testing purposes.
实验和应用神经毒理学中的多感觉诱发电位。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1983
期刊: Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology
影响因子: --
作者:
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化学神经毒性:感觉和运动系统器官型培养物的检测和分析。
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发表时间: 1988-05
期刊: Development
影响因子: 4.6
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DOI: 10.1126/science.3603037
发表时间: 1987-07-31
期刊: SCIENCE
影响因子: 56.9
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通讯作者: ROBERTSON, RC
DOI: 10.1159/000115896
发表时间: 1989
期刊: Brain, behavior and evolution
影响因子: --
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通讯作者: Jacqueline F. Webb