Zika virus in Gabon (Central Africa)--2007: a new threat from Aedes albopictus?
Zika virus in Gabon (Central Africa)--2007: a new threat from Aedes albopictus?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0002681
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发表时间：
2014-02
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Leroy EM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grard G;Caron M;Mombo IM;Nkoghe D;Mboui Ondo S;Jiolle D;Fontenille D;Paupy C;Leroy EM
基孔肯雅和登革热病毒于2007年在加蓬出现，大规模爆发主要影响首都利伯维尔和几个北方城镇。这两种病毒随后传播到该国东南部，2010年又爆发了新的疫情。白纹伊蚊是这两种病毒的次要媒介，最近入侵了该国，是加蓬疫情的主要媒介。我们对2007年至2010年在加蓬收集的人血清和蚊子进行了回顾性研究，以确定其他传播的虫媒病毒。用分子生物学方法对4312份发热性疼痛病患者血清和4665只蚊虫（9种）共247个样本池（包括白纹伊蚊137个）进行了筛查。2007年疫情期间在城市环境中采样的5份人类血清和2份白纹伊蚊样本池对寨卡黄病毒（ZIKV）呈阳性。ZIKV阳性的白纹伊蚊池的比率与伴随的登革热爆发期间登革热病毒阳性的比率相似，表明相似的蚊子感染率，并且推测是人类ZIKV爆发的基础。从人血清样品扩增来自包膜和NS 3基因的ZIKV序列。系统发育分析将加蓬ZIKV置于非洲血统的基础位置，指出祖先的遗传多样性和传播。我们提供了加蓬人ZIKV感染的第一个直接证据，以及其首次出现在亚洲虎蚊白纹伊蚊中。这些数据揭示了这种病毒在城市环境中发生的不寻常的自然生命周期，并可能代表一种新出现的威胁，这是由于这种新的关联与高度侵入性的载体，其地理范围仍在扩大到整个地球仪。寨卡病毒（ZIKV，一种登革热相关黄病毒）以前不被认为是重要的人类虫媒病毒病原体，2007年密克罗尼西亚爆发的疫情揭示了寨卡病毒的流行能力，影响了约5000人。ZIKV广泛分布于亚洲和非洲的整个热带地区，由广泛的蚊子物种传播，其中大多数是森林或农村的，埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti），一种嗜中性和城市物种，被认为是主要的ZIKV流行病载体。自2007年以来，在加蓬出现虫媒病毒感染（基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）和登革热（DENV））的背景下，我们进行了一项回顾性研究，以检测其他相关病毒。在2007年首都同时发生的CHIKV/DENV爆发期间收集的样本中，我们在人类和蚊子中检测到ZIKV，特别是最近入侵该国的亚洲蚊子白纹伊蚊，并且是这些爆发的主要媒介。我们发现，加蓬ZIKV株属于非洲血统，系统发育分析表明祖先的多样化和传播，而不是最近引进。这些发现首次显示了中非城市环境中流行的ZIKV活性以及ZIKV在入侵蚊子白纹伊蚊中的存在，提高了对人类健康的新威胁的可能性。
Chikungunya and dengue viruses emerged in Gabon in 2007, with large outbreaks primarily affecting the capital Libreville and several northern towns. Both viruses subsequently spread to the south-east of the country, with new outbreaks occurring in 2010. The mosquito species Aedes albopictus, that was known as a secondary vector for both viruses, recently invaded the country and was the primary vector involved in the Gabonese outbreaks. We conducted a retrospective study of human sera and mosquitoes collected in Gabon from 2007 to 2010, in order to identify other circulating arboviruses. Sample collections, including 4312 sera from patients presenting with painful febrile disease, and 4665 mosquitoes belonging to 9 species, split into 247 pools (including 137 pools of Aedes albopictus), were screened with molecular biology methods. Five human sera and two Aedes albopictus pools, all sampled in an urban setting during the 2007 outbreak, were positive for the flavivirus Zika (ZIKV). The ratio of Aedes albopictus pools positive for ZIKV was similar to that positive for dengue virus during the concomitant dengue outbreak suggesting similar mosquito infection rates and, presumably, underlying a human ZIKV outbreak. ZIKV sequences from the envelope and NS3 genes were amplified from a human serum sample. Phylogenetic analysis placed the Gabonese ZIKV at a basal position in the African lineage, pointing to ancestral genetic diversification and spread. We provide the first direct evidence of human ZIKV infections in Gabon, and its first occurrence in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. These data reveal an unusual natural life cycle for this virus, occurring in an urban environment, and potentially representing a new emerging threat due to this novel association with a highly invasive vector whose geographic range is still expanding across the globe. Not previously considered an important human arboviral pathogen, the epidemic capacity of Zika virus (ZIKV, a dengue-related flavivirus) was revealed by the Micronesia outbreak in 2007, which affected about 5000 persons. Widely distributed throughout tropical areas of Asia and Africa, ZIKV is transmitted by a broad range of mosquito species, most of which are sylvatic or rural, Aedes aegypti, an anthropophilic and urban species, being considered the main ZIKV epidemic vector. In a context of emerging arbovirus infections (chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue (DENV)) in Gabon since 2007, we conducted a retrospective study to detect other, related viruses. In samples collected during the concurrent CHIKV/DENV outbreaks that occurred in the capital city in 2007, we detected ZIKV in both humans and mosquitoes, and notably the Asian mosquito Aedes albopictus that recently invaded the country and was the main vector responsible for these outbreaks. We found that the Gabonese ZIKV strain belonged to the African lineage, and phylogenetic analysis suggested ancestral diversification and spread rather than recent introduction. These findings, showing for the first time epidemic ZIKV activity in an urban environment in Central Africa and the presence of ZIKV in the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus, raise the possibility of a new emerging threat to human health.
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影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Leroy EM;Nkoghe D;Ollomo B;Nze-Nkogue C;Becquart P;Grard G;Pourrut X;Charrel R;Moureau G;Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A;De-Lamballerie X
通讯作者：
De-Lamballerie X
DOI：
10.1016/0035-9203(81)90100-0
发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
OLSON, JG;KSIAZEK, TG;TRIWIBOWO
通讯作者：
TRIWIBOWO
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Caron, Melanie;Paupy, Christophe;Leroy, Eric Maurice
通讯作者：
Leroy, Eric Maurice
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Benedict, Mark Q.;Levine, Rebecca S.;Lounibos, L. Philip
通讯作者：
Lounibos, L. Philip
影响因子：
--
作者：
FAGBAMI, AH
通讯作者：
FAGBAMI, AH