Human pancreatic β-cell G1/S molecule cell cycle atlas.

Human pancreatic β-cell G1/S molecule cell cycle atlas.
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DOI:
10.2337/db12-0777
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发表时间:
2013-07
期刊:
影响因子:
7.7
通讯作者:
Stewart AF
Stewart AF
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fiaschi-Taesch NM;Kleinberger JW;Salim FG;Troxell R;Wills R;Tanwir M;Casinelli G;Cox AE;Takane KK;Scott DK;Stewart AF

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胰腺β细胞的扩增是糖尿病研究的一个关键目标,但成年人β细胞复制的诱导已被证明是令人沮丧的困难。在某种程度上,这反映了对人类β细胞中细胞周期控制的了解不足。在这里,我们提供了一个全面的免疫细胞化学"图集"的G1/S控制分子在人类β细胞。该图谱显示,以前已知存在于胰岛中的大多数这些分子实际上存在于β细胞中。更重要的是,与预期结果相反,人β细胞G1/S图谱显示,几乎所有关键的G1/S细胞周期控制分子都位于静止的人β细胞的细胞质中。事实上,仅有的细胞核G1/S分子是细胞周期抑制剂pRb、p57和p21:驱动人β细胞增殖所必需的细胞周期蛋白或cdk均不存在于细胞核区室中。这一观察结果可以解释人β细胞对增殖的难治性。因此,除了已知的人β-细胞增殖障碍之外,G1/S分子限制于人β-细胞的细胞质代表了治疗性人β-细胞扩增的意外障碍。
Expansion of pancreatic β-cells is a key goal of diabetes research, yet induction of adult human β-cell replication has proven frustratingly difficult. In part, this reflects a lack of understanding of cell cycle control in the human β-cell. Here, we provide a comprehensive immunocytochemical “atlas” of G1/S control molecules in the human β-cell. This atlas reveals that the majority of these molecules, previously known to be present in islets, are actually present in the β-cell. More importantly, and in contrast to anticipated results, the human β-cell G1/S atlas reveals that almost all of the critical G1/S cell cycle control molecules are located in the cytoplasm of the quiescent human β-cell. Indeed, the only nuclear G1/S molecules are the cell cycle inhibitors, pRb, p57, and variably, p21: none of the cyclins or cdks necessary to drive human β-cell proliferation are present in the nuclear compartment. This observation may provide an explanation for the refractoriness of human β-cells to proliferation. Thus, in addition to known obstacles to human β-cell proliferation, restriction of G1/S molecules to the cytoplasm of the human β-cell represents an unanticipated obstacle to therapeutic human β-cell expansion.
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