Local, state and federal face mask mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Local, state and federal face mask mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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DOI：
10.1017/ice.2020.1403
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
SHEA Board of Trustees
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guzman-Cottrill JA;Malani AN;Weber DJ;Babcock H;Haessler SD;Hayden MK;Henderson DK;Murthy R;Rock C;Van Schooneveld T;Wright SB;Forde C;Logan LK;SHEA Board of Trustees
众所周知，严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒 2 型 (SARS-CoV-2) 是导致 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的病毒，主要通过呼吸道飞沫传播。 1 在遵守个人防护装备 (PPE) 指导的医疗机构中，患者与医护人员之间的 COVID-19 传播相对较少。这一发现证明了口罩和呼吸器与眼睛保护相结合，对于护理疑似或已知 COVID-19 患者的医护人员来说是有效的。 2020 年 4 月 3 日，美国疾病控制与预防中心 (CDC) 发布建议，建议公众在公共场所应佩戴“非医用布口罩”，以帮助预防 SARS-CoV-2 的传播。 2 这一建议背后的最初理由是“源头控制”，以限制感染者在传染期内释放含有病毒的呼吸道飞沫。随着人们更好地了解病毒传播动态，人们认识到了另一个大流行挑战：高达 40% 的感染者没有症状，但可以从呼吸道排出高水平的 SARS-CoV-2，并且他们造成了一半以上的病毒传播。 3-6 因此，全民佩戴口罩控制源头成为疫情缓解策略的重中之重。尽管有证据支持全民佩戴口罩，但各州的指导意见差异很大。截至2020年11月28日，美国35个州的州长已发布全州强制佩戴口罩要求的紧急命令。 7 在没有全州范围内强制执行的州，这些州内的一些地方领导人已对其所在城市或县发出了佩戴口罩的要求。在美国各地，有关口罩例外的变化增加了更多的复杂性。例如，俄勒冈州豁免 5 岁以下儿童，德克萨斯州豁免 8 岁以下儿童。 9 此外，许多州不要求在礼拜场所和其他特定场所佩戴口罩。 9-11美国医疗保健流行病学协会 (SHEA) 支持并建议佩戴口罩作为减少 SARS-CoV-2 社区传播的有效策略。事实证明，口罩可以减少人与人之间的呼吸道病毒传播，并降低社区 COVID-19 发病率。随着全国范围内与 COVID-19 相关的住院人数持续激增，这些减少将减轻医疗机构的压力，最终，口罩将拯救生命。
It has been well established that severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is spread primarily through respiratory droplets. 1 In healthcare facilities with adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance, patient-to-healthcare personnel COVID-19 transmission is relatively rare. This finding demonstrates the effectiveness of face masks and respirators, in combination with eye protection, for healthcare personnel caring for patients with suspected or known COVID-19. On April 3, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a recommendation that public citizens should wear “nonmedical cloth masks” while in public places to help prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. 2 The initial rationale behind this recommendation was for “source control,” to limit the emission of virus-containing respiratory droplets from infected people during their contagious period. As the viral transmission dynamics were better understood, another pandemic challenge was realized: up to 40% of infected people are asymptomatic but can shed high levels of SARS-CoV-2 from their respiratory tracts, and they contribute to more than half of viral transmissions. 3–6 Thus, the universal use of face masks for source control among the general public became a top priority in the pandemic mitigation strategy. Despite the evidence supporting universal public face masks, guidance varies widely from state to state. As of November 28, 2020, the US governors of 35 states have issued emergency orders for statewide mandatory mask requirements. 7 In the states lacking statewide mandates, some local leaders within those states have issued face mask requirements for their cities or counties. Across the United States, variations regarding face mask exceptions add even more complexity. Examples include exempting children< 5 years of age in Oregon, 8 compared to children< 10 years of age in Texas. 9 Additionally, many states do not require face masks in places of worship and other specific settings. 9–11The Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) supports and recommends face-mask mandates as an effective strategy to decrease SARS-CoV-2 community transmission. Mask have been proven to decrease person-to-person respiratory viral transmission and to decrease community COVID-19 rates. These decreases will reduce the pressures on healthcare facilities as the number of COVID-19–related hospitalizations continue to surge across the country and ultimately, masks will save lives.
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案例对照研究对泰国SARS-COV 2感染的个人保护措施的使用和风险。
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Doung-Ngern P;Suphanchaimat R;Panjangampatthana A;Janekrongtham C;Ruampoom D;Daochaeng N;Eungkanit N;Pisitpayat N;Srisong N;Yasopa O;Plernprom P;Promduangsi P;Kumphon P;Suangtho P;Watakulsin P;Chaiya S;Kripattanapong S;Chantian T;Bloss E;Namwat C;Limmathurotsakul D
通讯作者：
Limmathurotsakul D
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Furukawa, Nathan W;Brooks, John T;Sobel, Jeremy
通讯作者：
Sobel, Jeremy
影响因子：
19
作者：
Mizumoto, Kenji;Kagaya, Katsushi;Chowell, Gerardo
通讯作者：
Chowell, Gerardo
影响因子：
39
作者：
Lee, Seungjae;Kim, Tark;Kim, Tae Hyong
通讯作者：
Kim, Tae Hyong
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm6947e2
发表时间：
2020-11-27
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
--
作者：
Van Dyke ME;Rogers TM;Pevzner E;Satterwhite CL;Shah HB;Beckman WJ;Ahmed F;Hunt DC;Rule J
通讯作者：
Rule J