Aberrant reward processing to positive versus negative outcomes across psychotic disorders.
Aberrant reward processing to positive versus negative outcomes across psychotic disorders.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.045
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发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Horan, William P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Le, Thanh P.;Green, Michael F.;Lee, Junghee;Clayson, Peter E.;Jimenez, Amy M.;Reavis, Eric A.;Wynn, Jonathan K.;Horan, William P.
几项关于精神分裂症患者奖励处理的研究表明，对积极结果的敏感性降低，但对消极结果的敏感性没有降低，尽管有不一致的报道。此外，很少有研究调查患者是否表现出社会与非社会奖励的相对缺陷，缺陷是否发生在精神病的各个方面，或者缺陷是否与阴性症状和功能有关。本研究探讨了概率内隐学习通过两个视觉上独特的老虎机的社会和非社会奖励在101名门诊患者与不同的精神疾病和48个社区控制。该任务包括两种试验类型：积极（选择积极机器与中性机器的最佳选择）和消极（选择中性机器与消极机器的最佳选择），有两种奖励条件：社会（面孔）和非社会（金钱）奖励条件。显着的X组试验类型相互作用表明，对照组在阳性试验中的表现优于阴性试验，而患者则表现出相反的模式，即在阴性试验中的表现优于阳性试验。此外，尽管患者的整体任务表现较低，但两组患者在社会刺激方面的表现优于非社会刺激。在患者中，在阴性试验中表现较差的表现与动机和快乐相关的阴性症状和社会功能有显著的、小到中度的相关性。目前的研究结果表明，奖励处理障碍，特别是对积极结果的敏感性降低，超出精神分裂症扩展到更广泛的精神障碍，并与重要的临床结果有关。
Several studies of reward processing in schizophrenia have shown reduced sensitivity to positive, but not negative, outcomes although inconsistencies have been reported. In addition, few studies have investigated whether patients show a relative deficit to social versus nonsocial rewards, whether deficits occur across the spectrum of psychosis, or whether deficits relate to negative symptoms and functioning. This study examined probabilistic implicit learning via two visually distinctive slot machines for social and nonsocial rewards in 101 outpatients with diverse psychotic disorders and 48 community controls. The task consisted of two trial types: positive (optimal to choose a positive vs. neutral machine) and negative (optimal to choose a neutral vs. negative machine), with two reward conditions: social (faces) and nonsocial (money) reward conditions. A significant group X trial type interaction indicated that controls performed better on positive than negative trials, whereas patients showed the opposite pattern of better performance on negative than positive trials. In addition, both groups performed better for social than nonsocial stimuli, despite lower overall task performance in patients. Within patients, worse performance on negative trials showed significant, small-to-moderate correlations with motivation and pleasure-related negative symptoms and social functioning. The current findings suggest reward processing disturbances, particularly decreased sensitivity to positive outcomes, extend beyond schizophrenia to a broader spectrum of psychotic disorders and relate to important clinical outcomes.
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