Social motivation in schizophrenia: The impact of oxytocin on vigor in the context of social and nonsocial reinforcement.
Social motivation in schizophrenia: The impact of oxytocin on vigor in the context of social and nonsocial reinforcement.
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DOI：
10.1037/abn0000320
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发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Woolley J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fulford D;Treadway M;Woolley J
体验性负面症状（包括动机减弱）对精神分裂症的功能结果具有深远的影响。动物研究表明，多巴胺能调节异常会对努力程度产生负面影响，这是一种已应用于精神分裂症患者的转化模型。例如，评估基于努力的决策的范式表明，选择成功概率高的高努力任务的可能性较小，并且这种偏好随着阴性症状和功能受损而变化。尽管不社交是体验性负面症状的另一个有据可查的组成部分，但尚不清楚金钱奖励动机的减弱是否会延伸到社交领域。为了测试这个问题，作者设计了社交活力任务（SVT）——一种在现场社交鼓励的背景下衡量努力程度的指标。他们进一步研究了催产素（一种与社会行为有关的神经肽）对活力的影响。 42 名精神分裂症患者和 43 名健康对照者完成了两次 SVT：一次在鼻内施用生理盐水安慰剂后，另一次在催产素后。两组人对社会鼓励的反应都表现出相似的活力增加，这表明精神分裂症患者在社会环境中不付出努力。社会鼓励对活力的影响的群体差异因基于积分的奖励率和试验长度而异。在社会鼓励期间，两组的催产素都没有增加活力。在精神分裂症组中，临床医生评定的被动社交退缩（而非主动社交回避）与活力呈负相关。结果表明，精神分裂症患者在社会鼓励的背景下表现出正常的努力水平；然而，较低的接近动机与较低的努力有关。研究表明，与健康对照组相比，精神分裂症患者不太可能选择需要付出很大努力的任务，特别是当成功概率很高时。人们对社会环境中的努力程度知之甚少。这项研究表明，在精神分裂症中，尽管与临床医生评价的方法动机有关，但在社会鼓励的背景下通常不会付出努力。
Experiential negative symptoms—including diminished motivation—have a profound impact on functional outcomes in schizophrenia. Animal research suggests that abnormalities in dopaminergic regulation can negatively impact effort exertion, a translational model that has been applied to individuals with schizophrenia. Paradigms that assess effort-based decision making, for example, suggest less likelihood of choosing high effort tasks that are high in probability of success, and this preference varies with negative symptoms and impaired functioning. Although asociality is another well-documented component of experiential negative symptoms, it is unclear whether diminished motivation for monetary reward extends to the social domain. To test this question, the authors designed the Social Vigor Task (SVT)—a measure of effort exertion in the context of live social encouragement. They further examined the effect of oxytocin, a neuropeptide implicated in social behavior, on vigor. Forty-two individuals with schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls completed the SVT twice: once after intranasal administration of saline placebo and again after oxytocin. Both groups showed similar increases in vigor in response to social encouragement, suggesting effort in the social context is spared in schizophrenia. Group differences in the effect of social encouragement on vigor varied by point-based reward rate and trial length. Oxytocin did not increase vigor during social encouragement in either group. Within the schizophrenia group, clinician-rated passive social withdrawal, but not active social avoidance, was negatively associated with vigor. Results suggest that people with schizophrenia show normative levels of effort in the context of social encouragement; low approach motivation, however, relates to lower effort. Research has shown that people with schizophrenia are less likely than healthy controls to choose tasks that require high effort, particularly when probability of success is high. Less is known about effort exertion in social contexts. This study suggests that effort exertion in the context of social encouragement is generally spared, though related to clinician-rated approach motivation, in schizophrenia.
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8.2
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通讯作者：
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