Consequences of excess iodine.

Consequences of excess iodine.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrendo.2013.251
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发表时间:
2014-03
影响因子:
40.5
通讯作者:
Braverman, Lewis E.
Braverman, Lewis E.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Leung, Angela M.;Braverman, Lewis E.

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碘是一种微量营养素,对甲状腺激素的产生至关重要。碘的主要来源是饮食,通过食用含碘强化的食物,包括盐,乳制品和面包,或天然富含微量营养素的食物,如海鲜。建议未怀孕或哺乳期的成人每日碘摄入量为150 μg。摄入碘或暴露于该阈值以上通常耐受良好。然而,在某些易感个体中,包括既存甲状腺疾病患者、老年人、胎儿和新生儿或有其他风险因素的患者,发生碘诱导的甲状腺功能障碍的风险可能会增加。超生理性碘暴露导致的甲状腺功能减退或甲状腺功能亢进可能是亚临床或明显的,过量碘的来源可能不明显。
Iodine is a micronutrient that is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. The primary source of iodine is the diet via consumption of foods that have been fortified with iodine, including salt, dairy products and bread, or that are naturally abundant in the micronutrient, such as seafood. Recommended daily iodine intake is 150 μg in adults who are not pregnant or lactating. Ingestion of iodine or exposure above this threshold is generally well-tolerated. However, in certain susceptible individuals, including those with pre-existing thyroid disease, the elderly, fetuses and neonates, or patients with other risk factors, the risk of developing iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction might be increased. Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism as a result of supraphysiologic iodine exposure might be either subclinical or overt, and the source of the excess iodine might not be readily apparent.
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