Induction of synapse formation by de novo neurotransmitter synthesis.

Induction of synapse formation by de novo neurotransmitter synthesis.
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通过从头合成神经递质来诱导突触形成。

DOI:
10.1038/s41467-022-30756-z
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发表时间:
2022-06-01
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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神经科学中的一个重要问题是神经元如何将其突触后结构与突触前释放部位对齐。虽然已知突触粘附蛋白在这一过程中起作用,但神经递质的作用仍不清楚。在这里,我们询问是否从头生物合成和囊泡释放的非经典的递质可以促进其相应的突触后的装配。我们证明,在干细胞衍生的人类神经元以及在体内的小鼠神经元的纯粹amatergic身份,GABA合成酶和囊泡转运蛋白的异位表达是足够的,既产生GABA从周围的谷氨酸和传输它从突触前末梢。这使得突触后GABAA受体的有效积累和一致激活成为可能,并产生完全功能性的GABA能突触,这些突触平行但独立于它们的谷氨酸能对应物运作。这些发现表明,突触前释放的神经递质本身可以发出信号的组织相关的突触后装置,可以直接修改重新编程神经元的突触身份。神经元的交流依赖于不同类型的神经递质与其相应的受体的匹配。作者在这里证明,从突触前末梢释放一种新的神经递质可以诱导突触后神经元上相应受体的积累和激活。
A vital question in neuroscience is how neurons align their postsynaptic structures with presynaptic release sites. Although synaptic adhesion proteins are known to contribute in this process, the role of neurotransmitters remains unclear. Here we inquire whether de novo biosynthesis and vesicular release of a noncanonical transmitter can facilitate the assembly of its corresponding postsynapses. We demonstrate that, in both stem cell-derived human neurons as well as in vivo mouse neurons of purely glutamatergic identity, ectopic expression of GABA-synthesis enzymes and vesicular transporters is sufficient to both produce GABA from ambient glutamate and transmit it from presynaptic terminals. This enables efficient accumulation and consistent activation of postsynaptic GABAA receptors, and generates fully functional GABAergic synapses that operate in parallel but independently of their glutamatergic counterparts. These findings suggest that presynaptic release of a neurotransmitter itself can signal the organization of relevant postsynaptic apparatus, which could be directly modified to reprogram the synapse identity of neurons. Neuronal communication relies on matching different neurostransmitter types with their appropriate receptors. The authors here demonstrate that release of a novel neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals can induce both the accumulation and activation of its corresponding receptors on postsynaptic neurons.
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