The impact of negative affect on attention patterns to threat across the first 2 years of life.
The impact of negative affect on attention patterns to threat across the first 2 years of life.
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DOI：
10.1037/dev0000408
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发表时间：
2017-12
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Buss KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pérez-Edgar K;Morales S;LoBue V;Taber-Thomas BC;Allen EK;Brown KM;Buss KA
目前的研究考察了在生命的头两年里，个体在对情绪面孔的注意上的差异与气质负面影响之间的关系。对婴儿的研究已经注意到了一种规范的模式，即优先关注突出的暗示，特别是愤怒的脸。一份平行的文献表明，对威胁的注意力偏向增加与焦虑有关，特别是在伴随着气质风险的情况下。考察对威胁的注意和气质负面影响之间的新出现的关系，可能有助于区分注意的规范模式和风险模式。年龄在4到24个月(平均为12.93个月，SD=5.57)的婴儿(N=145)完成了一项眼球跟踪任务，这项任务模仿了年龄较大的儿童和成年人使用的注意力偏向“点探测”任务。随着年龄的增长，婴儿花更多的时间关注情绪面孔，特别是威胁面孔。与一致探头相比，所有婴儿对不一致探头的注视潜伏期较慢。这两种关系都不受气质的影响。一次又一次的试验分析发现，停留在脸上的时间与定位到后续探测器的延迟有关，受婴儿的年龄和气质的影响。在低负性情绪的幼儿中，愤怒面孔的加工时间越长，随后对探测器的注视越快；负性情绪高的幼儿呈现出相反的趋势。研究结果表明，尽管年龄与新出现的对威胁的偏向直接相关，但加工威胁对随后定向的影响与年龄和气质有关。早期的注意力模式可能会塑造儿童对环境的反应，可能是通过注意力在构建儿童的社交世界进行处理方面的把关作用。
The current study examined the relations between individual differences in attention to emotion faces and temperamental negative affect across the first two years of life. Infant studies have noted a normative pattern of preferential attention to salient cues, particularly angry faces. A parallel literature suggests that elevated attention bias to threat is associated with anxiety, particularly if coupled with temperamental risk. Examining the emerging relations between attention to threat and temperamental negative affect may help distinguish normative from at-risk patterns of attention. Infants (N=145) ages 4 to 24 months (Mean=12.93 months, SD=5.57) completed an eye-tracking task modeled on the attention bias “dot-probe” task used with older children and adults. With age, infants spent greater time attending to emotion faces, particularly threat faces. All infants displayed slower latencies to fixate to incongruent versus congruent probes. Neither relation was moderated by temperament. Trial-by-trial analyses found that dwell time to the face was associated with latency to orient to subsequent probes, moderated by the infant's age and temperament. In young infants low in negative affect longer processing of angry faces was associated with faster subsequent fixation to probes; young infants high in negative affect displayed the opposite pattern at trend. Findings suggest that although age was directly associated with an emerging bias to threat, the impact of processing threat on subsequent orienting was associated with age and temperament. Early patterns of attention may shape how children respond to their environments, potentially via attention's gate-keeping role in framing a child's social world for processing.
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DOI：
10.1097/chi.0b013e3181ae09df
发表时间：
2009-09
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Chronis-Tuscano A;Degnan KA;Pine DS;Perez-Edgar K;Henderson HA;Diaz Y;Raggi VL;Fox NA
通讯作者：
Fox NA
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Forssman, Linda;Peltola, Mikko J.;Leppanen, Jukka M.
通讯作者：
Leppanen, Jukka M.
影响因子：
4
作者：
Burris, Jessica L.;Barry-Anwar, Ryan A.;Rivera, Susan M.
通讯作者：
Rivera, Susan M.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Brooker, Rebecca J.;Neiderhiser, Jenae M.;Reiss, David
通讯作者：
Reiss, David
影响因子：
4
作者：
Buss, Kristin A.
通讯作者：
Buss, Kristin A.