IgG placental transfer in healthy and pathological pregnancies.
IgG placental transfer in healthy and pathological pregnancies.
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DOI：
10.1155/2012/985646
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Carneiro-Sampaio M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palmeira P;Quinello C;Silveira-Lessa AL;Zago CA;Carneiro-Sampaio M
胎盘将母体 IgG 抗体转移至胎儿是在婴儿体液反应低效时为其提供保护的重要机制。 IgG 是唯一能显着穿过人胎盘的抗体类别。这种交叉是由合体滋养层细胞上表达的 FcRn 介导的。有证据表明 IgG 转移取决于以下因素：(i) 总 IgG 和特异性抗体的母体水平，(ii) 胎龄，(iii) 胎盘完整性，(iv) IgG 亚类，以及 (v) 抗原性质，对于胸腺依赖性抗原来说更为强烈。这些特征代表了旨在保护新生儿免受新生儿和婴儿传染病侵害的孕产妇免疫策略的基础。在某些情况下，例如患有原发性免疫缺陷的母亲，通过静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗获得的外源性 IgG 以与内源性免疫球蛋白类似的模式穿过胎盘，也可能保护后代免受早期感染。相反，有害的自身抗体可能穿过胎盘并导致新生儿出现暂时性自身免疫性疾病。
Placental transfer of maternal IgG antibodies to the fetus is an important mechanism that provides protection to the infant while his/her humoral response is inefficient. IgG is the only antibody class that significantly crosses the human placenta. This crossing is mediated by FcRn expressed on syncytiotrophoblast cells. There is evidence that IgG transfer depends on the following: (i) maternal levels of total IgG and specific antibodies, (ii) gestational age, (iii) placental integrity, (iv) IgG subclass, and (v) nature of antigen, being more intense for thymus-dependent ones. These features represent the basis for maternal immunization strategies aimed at protecting newborns against neonatal and infantile infectious diseases. In some situations, such as mothers with primary immunodeficiencies, exogenous IgG acquired by intravenous immunoglobulin therapy crosses the placenta in similar patterns to endogenous immunoglobulins and may also protect the offspring from infections in early life. Inversely, harmful autoantibodies may cross the placenta and cause transitory autoimmune disease in the neonate.
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