To tell the truth, the whole truth, may do patients harm: the problem of the nocebo effect for informed consent.

To tell the truth, the whole truth, may do patients harm: the problem of the nocebo effect for informed consent.
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DOI:
10.1080/15265161.2011.652798
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
The American journal of bioethics : AJOB
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kaptchuk TJ
Kaptchuk TJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wells RE;Kaptchuk TJ

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知情同意原则要求医生在开药时解释可能的副作用。这种披露本身可能会通过被称为反安慰剂效应的预期机制引起不良影响,这与不伤害原则相矛盾。严格的研究表明,向患者提供每一种可能的不良事件的详细列举实际上会增加副作用。描述可能发生的事情的一个版本(临床“事实”)实际上可能会产生与没有此信息(另一个版本的“事实”)的结果不同的结果。本文认为,平衡知情同意与非maleficence之间的感知张力可能会解决认识到,不利影响没有明确的黑色或白色的“真相”。本文提出了一种务实的方法,提供者,以尽量减少反安慰剂的反应,同时仍然保持病人的自主权,通过“情境化的知情同意,”考虑到可能的副作用,病人正在接受治疗,并涉及特定的诊断。
The principle of informed consent obligates physicians to explain possible side effects when prescribing medications. This disclosure may itself induce adverse effects through expectancy mechanisms known as nocebo effects, contradicting the principle of nonmaleficence. Rigorous research suggests that providing patients with a detailed enumeration of every possible adverse event can actually increase side effects. Describing one version of what might happen (clinical “facts”) may actually create outcomes that are different from what would have happened without this information (another version of “facts”). This essay argues that the perceived tension between balancing informed consent with nonmaleficence might be resolved by recognizing that adverse effects have no clear black or white “truth.” This essay suggests a pragmatic approach for providers to minimize nocebo responses while still maintaining patient autonomy through “contextualized informed consent,” which takes into account possible side effects, the patient being treated, and the particular diagnosis involved.
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