Cardiac applications of optogenetics.
Cardiac applications of optogenetics.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.07.001
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Entcheva E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ambrosi CM;Klimas A;Yu J;Entcheva E
在复杂的多细胞系统中，例如大脑或心脏，在细胞水平上以毫秒分辨率选择性地扰动和观察各个组件的响应的能力对于从机制上理解功能至关重要。光遗传学利用光敏感性的遗传编码（通过微生物视蛋白的表达）来提供具有细胞特异性和高时空分辨率的光操纵、记录和控制的能力。作为一种光学方法，它本质上具有可扩展性，可以在组织水平上远程和并行地询问生物功能；通过植入式微型设备，该技术特别适合体内功能跟踪，正如大脑中的众多应用所表明的那样。它向心脏区域的扩张一直很缓慢。在这里，我们使用已发表的研究和原始数据中的示例，重点关注光遗传学在心脏电生理学中的应用，特别是处理通过光操纵膜电压的能力，这对心脏起搏、心脏复律、细胞通信和心律失常研究具有重要意义。我们讨论了在心脏组织中记录光敏感性的基因和细胞传递方法、不同类型心肌细胞内光敏离子通道的功能、探测不同细胞类型之间电耦合的实用性、通过光遗传学传感器和执行器的组合实现全光学电生理学的方法和设计解决方案，以及向体内心脏光遗传学发展的具体挑战。
In complex multicellular systems, such as the brain or the heart, the ability to selectively perturb and observe the response of individual components at the cellular level and with millisecond resolution in time, is essential for mechanistic understanding of function. Optogenetics uses genetic encoding of light sensitivity (by the expression of microbial opsins) to provide such capabilities for manipulation, recording, and control by light with cell specificity and high spatiotemporal resolution. As an optical approach, it is inherently scalable for remote and parallel interrogation of biological function at the tissue level; with implantable miniaturized devices, the technique is uniquely suitable for in vivo tracking of function, as illustrated by numerous applications in the brain. Its expansion into the cardiac area has been slow. Here, using examples from published research and original data, we focus on optogenetics applications to cardiac electrophysiology, specifically dealing with the ability to manipulate membrane voltage by light with implications for cardiac pacing, cardioversion, cell communication, and arrhythmia research, in general. We discuss gene and cell delivery methods of inscribing light sensitivity in cardiac tissue, functionality of the light-sensitive ion channels within different types of cardiac cells, utility in probing electrical coupling between different cell types, approaches and design solutions to all-optical electrophysiology by the combination of optogenetic sensors and actuators, and specific challenges in moving towards in vivo cardiac optogenetics.
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1.5
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作者：
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