Persistence of contrasting traditions in cultural evolution: unpredictable payoffs generate slower rates of cultural change.
Persistence of contrasting traditions in cultural evolution: unpredictable payoffs generate slower rates of cultural change.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0099708
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Eve RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caldwell CA;Eve RM
我们报告了一项对这一假设的实验检验，即在个人学习回报不确定的情况下，对比传统将持续更长时间，在其他相似群体之间保持文化差异。我们研究了两种通过实验引入的替代任务解决方案在人类参与者链中的持久性。在一些链中，参与者被引导相信创新解决方案的最终回报将难以预测，而在其他链中，参与者意识到他们的最终回报将与他们的直接解决方案直接相关。尽管条件之间的差异是虚幻的（只有参与者的印象被操纵，而不是实际的回报），但条件之间存在明显的差异。与预测一致的是，在最终收益不太确定的链条中，独特的变体在几代参与者的替代中持续存在。相比之下，在其他链中，通过实验引入的解决方案的影响因参与者对替代方法的探索而迅速稀释。这一发现支持了这样一种观点，即对于绩效与回报之间的关系可能难以预测的行为，文化变革的速度可能会较慢。
We report an experimental test of the hypothesis that contrasting traditions will persist for longer, maintaining cultural differences between otherwise similar groups, under conditions of uncertainty about payoffs from individual learning. We studied the persistence of two alternative, experimentally-introduced, task solutions in chains of human participants. In some chains, participants were led to believe that final payoffs would be difficult to predict for an innovative solution, and in others, participants were aware that their final payoff would be directly linked to their immediate solution. Although the difference between the conditions was illusory (only participants’ impressions were manipulated, not actual payoffs) clear differences were found between the conditions. Consistent with predictions, in the chains that were less certain about final payoffs, the distinctive variants endured over several replacement “generations” of participants. In contrast, in the other chains, the influence of the experimentally-introduced solutions was rapidly diluted by participants’ exploration of alternative approaches. The finding provides support for the notion that rates of cultural change are likely to be slower for behaviors for which the relationship between performance and payoff may be hard to predict.
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Caldwell, Christine A.;Millen, Ailsa E.
通讯作者：
Millen, Ailsa E.
DOI：
10.1037/h0044182
发表时间：
1961-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
JACOBS, RC;CAMPBELL, DT
通讯作者：
CAMPBELL, DT
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Baum, WM;Richerson, PJ;Paciotti, BM
通讯作者：
Paciotti, BM
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Caldwell, Christine A.;Schillinger, Kerstin;Hopper, Lydia M.
通讯作者：
Hopper, Lydia M.
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Caldwell, Christine A.;Millen, Ailsa E.
通讯作者：
Millen, Ailsa E.