Centromere pairing--tethering partner chromosomes in meiosis I.
Centromere pairing--tethering partner chromosomes in meiosis I.
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DOI：
10.1111/febs.13280
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发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dawson DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kurdzo EL;Dawson DS
在减数分裂中，同源染色体面临着寻找、保持和分离它们的配对染色体的障碍。在各种各样的生物体中，越来越多的证据表明，发生在早期晚期的着丝粒-着丝粒相互作用是确保分离保真度的重要机制。着丝粒配对似乎始于同源染色体在减数分裂前期的突触。联会复合体的结构蛋白已被证明有助于介导着丝粒配对，但维持着丝粒配对的结构与沿染色体臂的联会复合体的结构如何不同仍不清楚。当联会复合体蛋白在晚期前期从染色体臂上解体时，其中一些联会复合体成分保留在着丝粒上。在酵母和果蝇中，这些着丝粒配对行为促进了未能通过交叉连接的染色体对的适当分离。最近对小鼠精母细胞的研究描述了着丝粒配对行为，这种行为在几个方面与苍蝇和酵母系统中所描述的行为相似。在人类中，在减数分裂中未能经历交叉的染色体容易出错，是非整倍体的主要来源。着丝粒配对是一种保守的现象，这一发现增加了它可能在促进人类非交换染色体对分离保真度方面发挥作用的可能性。
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes face the obstacle of finding, holding onto and segregating away from their partner chromosome. There is increasing evidence, in a diverse range of organisms, that centromere–centromere interactions that occur in late prophase are an important mechanism in ensuring segregation fidelity. Centromere pairing appears to initiate when homologous chromosomes synapse in meiotic prophase. Structural proteins of the synaptonemal complex have been shown to help mediate centromere pairing, but how the structure that maintains centromere pairing differs from the structure of the synaptonemal complex along the chromosomal arms remains unknown. When the synaptonemal complex proteins disassemble from the chromosome arms in late prophase, some of these synaptonemal complex components persist at the centromeres. In yeast and Drosophila these centromere-pairing behaviors promote the proper segregation of chromosome partners that have failed to become linked by chiasmata. Recent studies of mouse spermatocytes have described centromere pairing behaviors that are similar in several respects to what has been described in the fly and yeast systems. In humans, chromosomes that fail to experience crossovers in meiosis are error-prone and are a major source of aneuploidy. The finding that centromere pairing is a conserved phenomenon raises the possibility that it may play a role in promoting the segregation fidelity of non-exchange chromosome pairs in humans.
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