The Brain's Reward System in Health and Disease.

The Brain's Reward System in Health and Disease.
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DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_4
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Borrelli E
Borrelli E
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lewis RG;Florio E;Punzo D;Borrelli E

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整个中枢神经系统都有节律性的基因表达。这种协调的调节可以依赖于或独立于生物时钟的主要调节器-视交叉上核(SCN)。大脑奖赏系统中的大量振荡活动受多巴胺的调节。虽然光是生理时钟的主要时间给予者(Zeitgeber),并以24小时为周期同步生物节律,但非光刺激对昼夜生物学有深远的影响。事实上,与奖励相关的活动(例如,进食、锻炼、性、物质使用和社交)会导致多巴胺水平升高,从而改变SCN和大脑奖励系统的节奏。在本章中,我们将讨论多巴胺能奖赏通路对昼夜节律系统的影响以及这种相互作用对人类健康的影响。
Rhythmic gene expression is found throughout the central nervous system. This harmonized regulation can be dependent on- and independent of- the master regulator of biological clocks, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Substantial oscillatory activity in the brain’s reward system is regulated by dopamine. While light serves as a primary time-giver (zeitgeber) of physiological clocks and synchronizes biological rhythms in 24-h cycles, nonphotic stimuli have a profound influence over circadian biology. Indeed, reward-related activities (e.g., feeding, exercise, sex, substance use, and social interactions), which lead to an elevated level of dopamine, alters rhythms in the SCN and the brain’s reward system. In this chapter, we will discuss the influence of the dopaminergic reward pathways on circadian system and the implication of this interplay on human health.
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