Properties of an optogenetic model for olfactory stimulation
Properties of an optogenetic model for olfactory stimulation
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嗅觉刺激光遗传学模型的特性
DOI：
10.1113/jp271853
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Frings S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Genovese F;Thews M;Möhrlen F;Frings S
在嗅觉研究中，很难向嗅觉感觉神经元传递具有特定强度和持续时间的刺激。嗅觉感觉神经元中通道视紫红质2 （ChR2）的表达为用光激活这些神经元提供了一种手段。有合适的小鼠模型。本研究探讨了嗅觉标记蛋白(OMP)/ chr2黄色荧光蛋白（YFP）小鼠模型在活体实验中的适用性。ChR2在主要嗅上皮、鼻中隔器官和犁鼻器官的感觉神经元中的表达具有特征性。嗅觉受体神经元中ChR2的表达模式和光反应特性表明，光刺激不影响化学感觉纤毛的信号转导。光致电嗅觉图的特点是具有不同强度、持续时间和频率的闪光。研究了光诱导传入刺激对嗅球的影响，包括响应幅度、极性和低通过滤。摘要在感官加工的研究中，以精确的时间和空间模式传递刺激，并精确地控制刺激强度是很有帮助的。这在哺乳动物嗅觉系统的实验中是具有挑战性的，因为空气中的气味必须被运送到鼻子复杂的感觉结构中，并且必须溶解在粘液中才能被感觉神经元检测到。表达光门控离子通道视紫红质2 （ChR2）的嗅觉感觉神经元可以产生确定的和可重复的活性。通过这种光遗传学方法，神经元可以在可控的方式下受到闪光的刺激。本研究探讨了嗅觉标记蛋白(OMP)/ chr2 -黄色荧光蛋白（YFP）模型在小鼠嗅上皮和嗅球的活体探测中的应用。我们研究了ChR2在主嗅觉系统、表鼻系统和鼻中隔器官中的表达模式，发现ChR2在嗅觉感觉神经元的感觉纤毛中缺失。在嗅觉上皮中，我们表征了光诱导的嗅觉电图对刺激强度、刺激持续时间和刺激频率的外周编码。在嗅球的急性切片中，我们确定了ChR2诱导的输入信号的特定方面，包括其动态范围、低通滤波特性和对长时间刺激的响应。我们的研究描述了OMP/ ChR2-YFP模型在外周嗅觉系统的活体实验中的性能，并记录了其在嗅觉研究中的多功能性和局限性。
Key pointsIn olfactory research it is difficult to deliver stimuli with defined intensity and duration to olfactory sensory neurons.Expression of channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) in olfactory sensory neurons provides a means to activate these neurons with light flashes. Appropriate mouse models are available.The present study explores the suitability of an established olfactory marker protein (OMP)/ChR2–yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) mouse model forex vivoexperimentation.Expression of ChR2 in sensory neurons of the main olfactory epithelium, the septal organ and vomeronasal organ is characterized. Expression pattern of ChR2 in olfactory receptor neurons and the properties of light responses indicate that light stimulation does not impact on signal transduction in the chemosensory cilia.Light‐induced electro‐olfactograms are characterized with light flashes of different intensities, durations and frequencies.The impact of light‐induced afferent stimulation on the olfactory bulb is examined with respect to response amplitude, polarity and low‐pass filtering.AbstractFor the examination of sensory processing, it is helpful to deliver stimuli in precisely defined temporal and spatial patterns with accurate control of stimulus intensity. This is challenging in experiments with the mammalian olfactory system because airborne odorants have to be transported into the intricate sensory structures of the nose and must dissolve in mucus to be detected by sensory neurons. Defined and reproducible activity can be generated in olfactory sensory neurons that express the light‐gated ion channel channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2). The neurons can be stimulated by light flashes in a controlled fashion by this optogenetic approach. Here we examined the application of an olfactory marker protein (OMP)/ChR2–yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) model forex vivoexploration of the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb of the mouse. We studied the expression patterns of ChR2 in the main olfactory system, the vomeronasal system, and the septal organ, and we found that ChR2 is absent from the sensory cilia of olfactory sensory neurons. In the olfactory epithelium, we characterized light‐induced electro‐olfactograms with respect to peripheral encoding of stimulus intensity, stimulus duration and stimulus frequency. In acute slices of the olfactory bulb, we identified specific aspects of the ChR2‐induced input signal, concerning its dynamic range, its low‐pass filter property and its response to prolonged stimulation. Our study describes the performance of the OMP/ChR2–YFP model forex vivoexperimentation on the peripheral olfactory system and documents its versatility and its limitations for olfactory research.
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