The Role of Airborne Particles in the Epidemiology of Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Poultry Production Units.
The Role of Airborne Particles in the Epidemiology of Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Poultry Production Units.
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DOI：
10.3390/v15041002
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发表时间：
2023-04-19
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Banyard AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James J;Warren CJ;De Silva D;Lewis T;Grace K;Reid SM;Falchieri M;Brown IH;Banyard AC
自2021年10月以来，欧洲经历了最大的禽流感病毒(AIV)流行性疫情，由分支2.3.4.4b H5N1高致病性AIV(HPAIV)引起，仅在英国就发现了284只家禽感染场所(IP)和2480只H5N1阳性野鸟死亡。许多IP以地理集群的形式出现，这引发了关于空气中颗粒物在房舍之间横向扩散的问题。在一些禽流感病毒株中观察到了短距离的空气传播。然而，这种毒株通过空气传播的风险仍有待阐明。我们从2022/23年流行期间确认了分支2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV的IP进行了广泛采样，每个分支代表一个主要家禽物种(鸭、火鸡和鸡)。在屋内和屋外收集了一系列环境样本，包括沉积的灰尘、羽毛和其他潜在的有害物质。在靠近受感染房屋的室内和室外采集的空气样本中检测到病毒核糖核酸(VRNA)和传染性病毒，在较远的距离(≤10 m)仅检测到vRNA。在受影响房屋外收集的一些粉尘样本含有传染性病毒，而从受影响房屋采集的羽毛只含有vRNA，距离受影响房屋的距离可达80米。总而言之，这些数据表明，携带传染性HPAIV的空气悬浮颗粒可以通过空气短距离(10米)转运，而含有vRNA的宏观颗粒可能会传播更远(≤80米)。因此，2.3.4.4b分支H5N1 HPAIV病毒在房舍之间空中传播的可能性被认为很低。其他因素，包括与野生鸟类的间接接触和生物安全的效率，在疾病侵袭中具有更重要的意义。
Since October 2021, Europe has experienced the largest avian influenza virus (AIV) epizootic, caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV), with over 284 poultry infected premises (IPs) and 2480 dead H5N1-positive wild birds detected in Great Britain alone. Many IPs have presented as geographical clusters, raising questions about the lateral spread between premises by airborne particles. Airborne transmission over short distances has been observed for some AIV strains. However, the risk of airborne spread of this strain remains to be elucidated. We conducted extensive sampling from IPs where clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIVs were confirmed during the 2022/23 epizootic, each representing a major poultry species (ducks, turkeys, and chickens). A range of environmental samples were collected inside and outside houses, including deposited dust, feathers, and other potential fomites. Viral RNA (vRNA) and infectious viruses were detected in air samples collected from inside and outside but in close proximity to infected houses, with vRNA alone being detected at greater distances (≤10 m) outside. Some dust samples collected outside of the affected houses contained infectious viruses, while feathers from the affected houses, located up to 80 m away, only contained vRNA. Together, these data suggest that airborne particles harboring infectious HPAIV can be translocated short distances (<10 m) through the air, while macroscopic particles containing vRNA might travel further (≤80 m). Therefore, the potential for airborne transmission of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV between premises is considered low. Other factors, including indirect contact with wild birds and the efficiency of biosecurity, represent greater importance in disease incursion.
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