Atlantic cod actively avoid CO2 and predator odour, even after long-term CO2 exposure.

Atlantic cod actively avoid CO2 and predator odour, even after long-term CO2 exposure.
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DOI:
10.1186/1742-9994-10-81
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发表时间:
2013-12-27
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Hedgärde M
Hedgärde M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jutfelt F;Hedgärde M

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不断上升的大气二氧化碳水平正在推动更多的二氧化碳溶解到海洋中,一些排放情景预测,到本世纪末,地表水的二氧化碳浓度可能达到1000 μatm。目前尚不清楚鱼类是否能检测到适度升高的二氧化碳水平,以及它们是否会避开二氧化碳含量高的地区。如果是这样的话,对高二氧化碳水的回避行为可能会影响鱼类未来的运动模式和迁徙。人们也越来越认识到,暴露在二氧化碳中会改变鱼类的行为。因此,本研究探讨了长期暴露于高pCO2环境中对大西洋鳕鱼幼鱼捕食者回避和CO2回避的影响。在进行行为测试之前,将鱼暴露在对照水或富含二氧化碳的水(1000 μatm)中6周。尽管长期暴露在二氧化碳分压升高的环境中,鳕鱼仍然强烈地避开了捕食者的气味。这些数据令人惊讶,因为一些珊瑚鱼在暴露于二氧化碳后表现出嗅觉反应的逆转,将避免捕食者的线索转变为偏好捕食者的线索。两个实验组的鱼在选择对照水或二氧化碳酸化水时也表现出对二氧化碳的强烈回避,这表明对二氧化碳感官刺激的习惯化是可以忽略不计的。由于大西洋鳕鱼对嗅觉线索保持正常的行为反应,它们可能对二氧化碳引起的行为变化具有耐受性。结果还表明,尽管长期暴露在二氧化碳酸化的水中,鱼仍然更喜欢对照水而不是二氧化碳酸化的水。因此,在未来,鱼类可能会改变它们的运动和迁徙,以寻找二氧化碳含量较低的水域。
The rising atmospheric CO2 level is continuously driving the dissolution of more CO2 into the oceans, and some emission scenarios project that the surface waters may reach 1000 μatm by the end of the century. It is not known if fish can detect moderately elevated CO2 levels, and if they avoid areas with high CO2. If so, avoidance behaviour to water with high CO2 could affect movement patterns and migrations of fish in the future. It is also being increasingly recognized that fish behaviour can be altered by exposure to CO2. Therefore this study investigated how long-term exposure to elevated pCO2 affects predator avoidance and CO2 avoidance in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The fish were exposed to control water or CO2-enriched water (1000 μatm) for six weeks before being subjected to tests of behaviour. Despite long term exposure to elevated pCO2 the cod still strongly avoided the smell of a predator. These data are surprising because several coral reef fish have demonstrated reversal of olfactory responses after CO2 exposure, turning avoidance of predator cues into preference for predator cues. Fish from both treatment groups also demonstrated strong avoidance of CO2 when presented with the choice of control or CO2-acidified water, indicating that habituation to the CO2 sensory stimuli is negligible. As Atlantic cod maintained normal behavioural responses to olfactory cues, they may be tolerant to CO2-induced behavioural changes. The results also suggest that despite the long-term exposure to CO2-acidified water, the fish still preferred the control water over CO2-acidified water. Therefore, in the future, fish may alter their movements and migrations in search of waters with a lower CO2 content.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1994.tb09800.x
发表时间: 1994-10-01
期刊: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
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