Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic regulator of energy homeostasis and reproduction.
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic regulator of energy homeostasis and reproduction.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.06.001
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发表时间：
2011-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Fraley, Gregory S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lawrence, Catherine;Fraley, Gregory S.
甘丙肽样肽（Galanin-like peptide，GALP）是1999年在猪下丘脑中发现的一种由60个氨基酸组成的神经肽。GALP与甘丙肽（1- 1 - 3）在位置9-21处具有序列同源性，并且可以结合并激活三种甘丙肽受体亚型（GalR 1 -3）。表达GALP的细胞是有限的，主要存在于下丘脑弓状核（ARC）和垂体后叶。ARC中的GALP阳性神经元投射到几个大脑区域，在那里它们似乎与多种神经调质接触。这些神经调质参与能量稳态和生殖的调节，解剖学证据表明GALP在这些生理功能中的作用。为了支持这一观点，GALP基因的表达受到几种反映代谢状态的因素的调节，包括代谢激素瘦素和胰岛素、甲状腺激素和血糖。现在有大量证据支持GALP在调节能量稳态和生殖方面发挥作用的假设;并且，GALP的作用可能不依赖于已知的甘丙肽受体。本文综述了GALP的分布，并讨论了GALP与其他能量平衡和生殖神经调节因子之间的潜在关系，（2）讨论了调节GALP表达的代谢因子，（3）回顾了GALP在能量平衡和生殖中作用的证据，（4）讨论了潜在的下游介质和GALP作用的机制，（5）探讨GALP可能通过一种尚未鉴定的GALP特异性受体介导其作用的可能性。
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) was discovered in 1999 in the porcine hypothalamus and was found to be a 60 amino-acid neuropeptide. GALP shares sequence homology to galanin (1–13) in position 9–21 and can bind to, as well as activate, the three galanin receptor subtypes (GalR1-3). GALP-expressing cells are limited, and are mainly found in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) and the posterior pituitary. GALP-positive neurons in the ARC project to several brain regions where they appear to make contact with multiple neuromodulators. These neuromodulators are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and reproduction, anatomical evidence that suggests a role for GALP in these physiological functions. In support of this idea, GALP gene expression is regulated by several factors that reflect metabolic state including the metabolic hormones leptin and insulin, thyroid hormones, and blood glucose. Considerable evidence now exists to support the hypothesis that GALP has a role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and reproduction; and, that GALP’s role may be independent of the known galanin receptors. In this review we (1) provide an overview of the distribution of GALP, and discuss the potential relationship between GALP and other neuromodulators of energy homeostasis and reproduction, (2) discuss the metabolic factors that regulate GALP expression, (3) review the evidence for the role of GALP in energy homeostasis and reproduction, (4) discuss the potential downstream mediators and mechanisms underlying GALP’s effects, and (5) discuss the possibility that GALP may mediate it’s effects via an as yet unidentified GALP-specific receptor.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
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