Racial Resentment and White Opposition to Race‐Conscious Programs: Principles or Prejudice?
Racial Resentment and White Opposition to Race‐Conscious Programs: Principles or Prejudice?
复制标题
种族怨恨和白人对种族意识计划的反对：原则还是偏见？
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Huddy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Feldman;L. Huddy
白色种族怨恨与反对广泛的种族政策有关，但不清楚它是源于种族偏见还是源于意识形态原则。为了解决这种模糊性，我们研究了种族怨恨对支持大学奖学金计划的影响，该计划受益人的种族和社会经济阶层是实验性的。这些分析得出了一个可能令人不安的发现：种族怨恨对白色自由派和保守派来说意味着不同的事情。在自由主义者中，种族怨恨通过预测对黑人而不是白色学生的项目支持来传达种族偏见的政治影响，并且通过种族偏见的公开措施比保守派更好地预测。在保守派中，种族仇恨似乎更具意识形态性。它与反对种族意识的计划密切相关，而不管接受者的种族如何，与公开偏见的措施只有微弱的联系。因此，种族怨恨并不是所有美国人种族偏见的明确衡量标准。我认为反对种族政策是出于种族偏见，还是基于无视种族的意识形态原则？这一直是美国种族关系研究者长期争论的主题。争议最激烈的是种族意识的政策，如平权行动，这是由大多数白色美国人反对。对平权行动的普遍反对导致一些研究人员质疑反对是否真的源于种族主义，或者是基于对方案本身性质的原则性反对。这种“原则性”的方法由Sniderman及其同事最有力地发展起来（Sniderman and Carmines 1997; Sniderman，克罗斯比，and豪厄尔2000），他们认为种族意识的政策违反了个人主义、平等待遇和美国文化的其他基本原则，并在意识形态上遭到许多白人的反对。他们提供了进一步的证据，表明保守派中对扶持行动的原则性反对最为明显（Sniderman和Carmines，1997年; Sniderman等人，1996年）。从这个角度来看，白色方案的反对，特别是保守的白色反对，代表了对一套有缺陷的政策的合理回应。
White racial resentment is associated with opposition to a broad range of racial policies but it is unclear whether it derives from racial prejudice or stems from ideological principles. To resolve this ambiguity, we examined the impact of racial resentment on support for a college-scholarship program in which program beneficiaries’ race and socio-economic class was experimentally varied. The analyses yield a potentially troubling finding: racial resentment means different things to white liberals and conservatives. Among liberals, racial resentment conveys the political effects of racial prejudice, by predicting program support for black but not white students, and is better predicted by overt measures of racial prejudice than among conservatives. Among conservatives, racial resentment appears more ideological. It is closely tied to opposition to race-conscious programs regardless of recipient race and is only weakly tied to measures of overt prejudice. Racial resentment, therefore, is not a clear-cut measure of racial prejudice for all Americans. I sw hite opposition to racial policies driven by racial prejudice or is it grounded in race-blind ideological principles? This has been the subject of a prolonged debate among researchers of American race relations. The controversy has been most heated over race-conscious policies such as affirmative action which are opposed by a majority of white Americans. Pervasive opposition to affirmative action has lead some researchers to question whether opposition really stems from racism or is based instead on a principled objection to the nature of the programs themselves. This “principled” approach has been developed most forcefully by Sniderman and colleagues (Sniderman and Carmines 1997; Sniderman, Crosby, and Howell 2000), who argue that race-conscious policies violate individualism, equal treatment, and other basic tenets of American culture and are opposed by many whites on ideological grounds. They present further evidence that principled opposition to affirmative action is most pronounced among conservatives (Sniderman and Carmines 1997; Sniderman et al. 1996). From this perspective, white program opposition, especially conservative white opposition, represents a reasonable response to a flawed set of policies.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
FAZIO, RH;JACKSON, JR;WILLIAMS, CJ
通讯作者：
WILLIAMS, CJ
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Wittenbrink, B;Judd, CM;Park, B
通讯作者：
Park, B