Gender Discrimination and Excess Female Under-5 Mortality in India: A New Perspective Using Mixed-Sex Twins.
Gender Discrimination and Excess Female Under-5 Mortality in India: A New Perspective Using Mixed-Sex Twins.
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DOI：
10.1007/s13524-020-00909-0
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发表时间：
2020-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Behrman J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kashyap R;Behrman J
在印度，重男轻女与 5 岁以下女性死亡率过高有关，大量文献探讨了相对于女儿，父母是否在儿子身上投入了更多资源（我们将其称为显性歧视），从而导致女孩的健康状况较差，从而导致更高的死亡率。然而，这些文献并没有充分控制将女孩分类到不同类型的家庭（例如更大的家庭）和早期同级的隐性歧视过程。为了更好地解决与隐性歧视过程相关的内生性问题，我们使用印度国家家庭健康调查四轮中的混性别双胞胎样本，探讨了儿童性别与新生儿后 5 岁以下死亡率之间的关联。混性别双胞胎提供了一种自然的实验，即同时将一个男孩和一个女孩外生地分配给家庭，从而控制生育不想要的女孩的选择性。我们记录了明确的歧视对印度女孩超额死亡率的巨大影响，特别是与撒哈拉以南非洲地区的安慰剂分析相比，那里的女孩具有生存优势。我们还表明，20 世纪 90 年代中期之后，出生群体的明显歧视有所减弱，特别是在印度北部，但自 2000 年代中期以来，进一步减弱的趋势已停止，从而有助于理解女性死亡率劣势背后的微观过程如何随着时间的推移而发生变化。本文的在线版本 (10.1007/s13524-020-00909-0) 包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Son preference has been linked to excess female under-5 mortality in India, and considerable literature has explored whether parents invest more resources in sons relative to daughters—which we refer to as explicit discrimination—leading to girls’ poorer health status and, consequently, higher mortality. However, this literature has not adequately controlled for the implicit discrimination processes that sort girls into different types of families (e.g., larger) and at earlier parities. To better address the endogeneity associated with implicit discrimination processes, we explore the association between child sex and postneonatal under-5 mortality using a sample of mixed-sex twins from four waves of the Indian National Family Health Survey. Mixed-sex twins provide a natural experiment that exogenously assigns a boy and a girl to families at the same time, thus controlling for selectivity into having an unwanted female child. We document a sizable impact of explicit discrimination on girls’ excess mortality in India, particularly compared with a placebo analysis in sub-Saharan Africa, where girls have a survival advantage. We also show that explicit discrimination weakened for birth cohorts after the mid-1990s, especially in northern India, but further weakening has stalled since the mid-2000s, thus contributing to understandings of how the micro-processes underlying the female mortality disadvantage have changed over time. The online version of this article (10.1007/s13524-020-00909-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Filmer, Deon;Friedman, Jed;Schady, Norbert
通讯作者：
Schady, Norbert
影响因子：
3
作者：
Corsi, Daniel J.;Bassani, Diego G.;Jha, Prabhat
通讯作者：
Jha, Prabhat
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Arokiasamy, P
通讯作者：
Arokiasamy, P
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Clark, S
通讯作者：
Clark, S
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0800221105
发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Drevenstedt, Greg L.;Crimmins, Eileen M.;Finch, Caleb E.
通讯作者：
Finch, Caleb E.