Arctic Air Pollution: New Insights from POLARCAT-IPY
Arctic Air Pollution: New Insights from POLARCAT-IPY
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北极空气污染：POLARCAT-IPY 的新见解
DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-13-00017.1
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Law K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Law K
鉴于北极地区气候变化的迅速性，以及气候模型难以定量再现观测到的变化，如海冰损失，因此必须更好地了解导致该地区气候变化的过程，包括气溶胶和臭氧等短期气候污染物的作用。人们早就知道，中纬度地区的排放产生的污染可以被输送到北极，导致冬/春气溶胶最大值，称为北极霾。然而，关于整个对流层的北极污染的构成和来源，仍存在许多不确定性;例如，许多气候-化学模式未能再现在北极地表观测到的气溶胶丰度的强烈季节性，使北极冰雪表面变暗的黑碳（煤烟）颗粒的起源和沉积机制知之甚少，控制对流层臭氧丰度的化学过程没有得到很好的量化。国际极地年（IPY）利用飞机、遥感、地面测量和模型、气候、化学、气溶胶和运输进行极地研究（POLARCAT）核心项目的目标是提高对输送到北极的污染物的来源的认识;详细说明北极气溶胶的化学成分、光学特性和气候强迫潜力;评估控制对流层臭氧的过程;并量化北方森林火灾的作用。本文提供了一个审查的基础上收集的数据分析POLARCAT飞机，船舶和地面的实地活动在2008年春季和夏季的许多结果。主要的调查结果突出，需要进一步调查的领域进行了讨论。
Given the rapid nature of climate change occurring in the Arctic and the difficulty climate models have in quantitatively reproducing observed changes such as sea ice loss, it is important to improve understanding of the processes leading to climate change in this region, including the role of short-lived climate pollutants such as aerosols and ozone. It has long been known that pollution produced from emissions at midlatitudes can be transported to the Arctic, resulting in a winter/spring aerosol maximum known as Arctic haze. However, many uncertainties remain about the composition and origin of Arctic pollution throughout the troposphere; for example, many climate–chemistry models fail to reproduce the strong seasonality of aerosol abundance observed at Arctic surface sites, the origin and deposition mechanisms of black carbon (soot) particles that darken the snow and ice surface in the Arctic is poorly understood, and chemical processes controlling the abundance of tropospheric ozone are not well quantified. The International Polar Year (IPY) Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols and Transport (POLARCAT) core project had the goal to improve understanding about the origins of pollutants transported to the Arctic; to detail the chemical composition, optical properties, and climate forcing potential of Arctic aerosols; to evaluate the processes governing tropospheric ozone; and to quantify the role of boreal forest fires. This article provides a review of the many results now available based on analysis of data collected during the POLARCAT aircraft-, ship-, and ground-based field campaigns in spring and summer 2008. Major findings are highlighted and areas requiring further investigation are discussed.
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