NEV supply chain coordination and sustainability considering sales effort and risk aversion under the CVaR criterion.
NEV supply chain coordination and sustainability considering sales effort and risk aversion under the CVaR criterion.
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CVaR准则下考虑销售努力和风险规避的新能源汽车供应链协调与可持续性
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0199005
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Xu X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han S;Xu X
研究了由风险中性制造商和风险规避零售商组成的两级新能源汽车供应链中的协调和可持续性问题。风险厌恶零售商在条件风险价值(CVaR)准则下，做出销售努力并承担努力成本，决定订货量和销售努力水平。我们得到了零售商归制造商所有的垂直整合供应链的最优集中决策。以此为基准，我们证明了在零售商自主决策的分散情形下，基于补贴分享的批发价契约(SS-WP)无法协调新能源汽车供应链。然后设计了一种基于补贴分享的销售返利/罚款(SS-SRP)合同，并推导了合同参数以实现协调。我们评估了该合同的协调效率，发现一个设计良好的SS-SRP合同可以促进新能源汽车的销售，并与非协调情况相比，为新能源汽车制造商和零售商带来帕累托改进的双赢局面。进行了一系列数值实验，以比较SS-WP和SS-SRP合同下重要参数的影响，并提供了其他观察结果和影响，包括指示可持续维持新能源供应链的必要条件。
In a two-echelon new energy vehicle (NEV) supply chain consisting of a risk-neutral manufacturer and a risk-averse retailer, the coordination and sustainability problem is investigated. The risk-averse retailer, who makes sales effort and undertakes the incurred effort cost, decides the order quantity and sales effort level under the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) criterion. We derive the optimal centralized decisions of a vertically integrated supply chain where the retailer is owned by the manufacturer. Taking such a centralized case as the benchmark, we prove that the subsidy-sharing-based wholesale price (SS-WP) contract fails to coordinate the NEV supply chain under the decentralized case where the retailer makes decisions independently. Then we design a subsidy-sharing-based sales rebate/penalty (SS-SRP) contract and derive the contract parameters to achieve coordination. We evaluate the coordination efficiency of this contract and find that a well-designed SS-SRP contract can promote the NEV sales and lead to a Pareto-improving win-win situation for both the NEV manufacturer and retailer compared to the non-coordination case. A series of numerical experiments are carried out to compare the effects of significant parameters under the SS-WP and SS-SRP contract and provide additional observations and implications, including an indication of the necessary conditions to sustainably maintain the NEV supply chain.
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