The complex role of genetic background in shaping the effects of spontaneous and induced mutations.
The complex role of genetic background in shaping the effects of spontaneous and induced mutations.
复制标题
遗传背景在塑造自发和诱导突变的影响中的复杂作用。
DOI：
10.1002/yea.3530
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ehrenreich IM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldstein I;Ehrenreich IM
自发突变和诱导突变经常在不同的遗传个体中表现出不同的表型效应。人们普遍认为，这些背景效应主要是由突变和分离位点之间的遗传相互作用引起的。然而，这些遗传相互作用的结构和分子基础尚不清楚。最近在许多模式生物中开展的工作试图通过使用大规模筛选来发现表现出这种现象的突变，并通过识别涉及的特定位点，来提高对背景效应的认识。在这里，我们回顾了这一研究，特别强调了它对不同突变的背景效应的普遍性和导致这些背景效应的机制提供的见解。很大一部分突变在不同的个体中表现出不同的影响。这些背景效应主要是由具有分离位点的上位性引起的。图谱研究表明，遗传结构的多样性可能涉及。基因表达中复杂的基因变化通常是致病的，但并非总是如此。自发突变和诱导突变可以在基因不同的个体中表现出不同的表型效应（或“背景效应”）。在这里，我们回顾当前的工作，旨在普遍理解这一现象。
Spontaneous and induced mutations frequently show different phenotypic effects across genetically distinct individuals. It is generally appreciated that these background effects mainly result from genetic interactions between the mutations and segregating loci. However, the architectures and molecular bases of these genetic interactions are not well understood. Recent work in a number of model organisms has tried to advance knowledge of background effects both by using large‐scale screens to find mutations that exhibit this phenomenon and by identifying the specific loci that are involved. Here, we review this body of research, emphasizing in particular the insights it provides into both the prevalence of background effects across different mutations and the mechanisms that cause these background effects. A large fraction of mutations show different effects in distinct individuals. These background effects are mainly caused by epistasis with segregating loci. Mapping studies show a diversity of genetic architectures can be involved. Genetically complex changes in gene expression are often, but not always, causative. Spontaneous and induced mutations can show different phenotypic effects in genetically distinct individuals (or ‘background effects’). Here, we review current work aimed at generally understanding this phenomenon.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrg2579
发表时间：
2009-06
期刊：
Nature reviews. Genetics
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cordell HJ
通讯作者：
Cordell HJ
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Acuna-Hidalgo R;Veltman JA;Hoischen A
通讯作者：
Hoischen A
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Bloom JS;Kotenko I;Sadhu MJ;Treusch S;Albert FW;Kruglyak L
通讯作者：
Kruglyak L
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Chandler, Christopher H.;Chari, Sudarshan;Dworkin, Ian
通讯作者：
Dworkin, Ian
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
Galardini, Marco;Busby, Bede P.;Beltrao, Pedro
通讯作者：
Beltrao, Pedro