Terpene biosynthesis: modularity rules.

Terpene biosynthesis: modularity rules.
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DOI:
10.1002/anie.201103110
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发表时间:
2012-01-27
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Lin, Fu-Yang
Lin, Fu-Yang
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oldfield, Eric;Lin, Fu-Yang

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萜烯是地球上最大的一类小分子天然产物,也是质量最丰富的。在这里,我们总结了最近的事态发展,阐明其生物合成中涉及的蛋白质的结构和功能。有6个主要的构建块或模块(α、β、γ、δ、ε和α),其构成这些酶的结构:αα和αδ头-尾反式异戊二烯基转移酶,其从C5前体产生反式-类异戊二烯二磷酸; ε头-头异戊二烯基转移酶,其将这些二磷酸转化为甾醇、类胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素的三萜和四萜前体; βγ二萜和三萜脱氢酶;产生参与细菌细胞壁生物合成的顺式-类异戊二烯二磷酸的双头-尾顺式-异戊二烯基转移酶,以及最后产生植物萜烯的α、αβ和αβγ萜烯脱氢酶,其中许多这些模块酶源自祖先α和β结构域蛋白。我们还回顾了在确定的结构和功能的两个4Fe-4S还原酶参与形成的C5二磷酸在许多细菌中,再次发现,高度模块化的结构。
Terpenes are the largest class of small molecule natural products on Earth, and the most abundant by mass. Here, we summarize recent developments in elucidating the structure and function of the proteins involved in their biosynthesis. There are 6 main building blocks or modules (α,β,γ,δ,ε and ζ) that make up the structures of these enzymes: the αα and αδ head-to-tail trans-prenyl transferases that produce trans-isoprenoid diphosphates from C5 precursors; the ε head-to-head prenyl transferases that convert these diphosphates into the tri-and tetra-terpene precursors of sterols, hopanoids and carotenoids; the βγ di- and tri-terpene synthases; the ζ head-to-tail cis-prenyl transferases that produce the cis-isoprenoid diphosphates involved in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, and finally the α, αβ and αβγ terpene synthases that produce plant terpenes, with many of these modular enzymes having originated from ancestral α and β domain proteins. We also review progress in determining the structure and function of the two 4Fe-4S reductases involved in formation of the C5 diphosphates in many bacteria, where again, highly modular structures are found.
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