Effector-dependent activation and oligomerization of plant NRC class helper NLRs by sensor NLR immune receptors Rpi-amr3 and Rpi-amr1.
Effector-dependent activation and oligomerization of plant NRC class helper NLRs by sensor NLR immune receptors Rpi-amr3 and Rpi-amr1.
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DOI：
10.15252/embj.2022111484
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发表时间：
2023-03-01
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植物病原体影响作物产量。植物进化出了强大的先天免疫，这在一定程度上依赖于细胞内核苷酸结合的亮氨酸丰富重复(NLR)免疫受体，NLR免疫受体在检测到病原体衍生的效应器时激活防御反应。大多数检测效应器的“传感器”NLR都需要“助手”NLR的活动，但助手NLR如何支持传感器NLR的功能却鲜为人知。许多茄科植物的NLR需要NRC(NLR-细胞死亡所必需的)类辅助NLR。我们在这里展示了RPI-amr3，一个来自美洲茄子的NLR传感器，检测到马铃薯晚疫病菌的AVRamr3，并激活辅助NLRs NRC2和NRC4的寡聚成高分子抗性小体。相反，另一个传感器NLR RPI-AMR1对白粉菌效应器AVRamr1的识别只会诱导NRC2抗性小体的形成。活化的NRC2齐聚物在膜组分中变得丰富。RPI-amr3和NRC2的ATP结合基序是NRC2抗性小体形成所必需的，但RPI-amr3与其同源效应器的相互作用不需要。当检测到其他疫霉的AVRamr3同源物时，RPI-amr3可以激活NRC2抗性小体。从机理上理解NRC抗性小体的形成将为具有持久抗病能力的工程作物奠定基础。植物的“传感器”NLR免疫受体检测特定的病原菌毒力因子，并激活“辅助”NLR形成防御触发的抗性小体。
Plant pathogens compromise crop yields. Plants have evolved robust innate immunity that depends in part on intracellular Nucleotide‐binding, Leucine rich‐Repeat (NLR) immune receptors that activate defense responses upon detection of pathogen‐derived effectors. Most “sensor” NLRs that detect effectors require the activity of “helper” NLRs, but how helper NLRs support sensor NLR function is poorly understood. Many Solanaceae NLRs require NRC (NLR‐Required for Cell death) class of helper NLRs. We show here that Rpi‐amr3, a sensor NLR from Solanum americanum, detects AVRamr3 from the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, and activates oligomerization of helper NLRs NRC2 and NRC4 into high‐molecular‐weight resistosomes. In contrast, recognition of P. infestans effector AVRamr1 by another sensor NLR Rpi‐amr1 induces formation of only the NRC2 resistosome. The activated NRC2 oligomer becomes enriched in membrane fractions. ATP‐binding motifs of both Rpi‐amr3 and NRC2 are required for NRC2 resistosome formation, but not for the interaction of Rpi‐amr3 with its cognate effector. NRC2 resistosome can be activated by Rpi‐amr3 upon detection of AVRamr3 homologs from other Phytophthora species. Mechanistic understanding of NRC resistosome formation will underpin engineering crops with durable disease resistance. Plant “sensor” NLR immune receptors detect specific pathogen virulence factors and activate “helper” NLRs to form defense‐triggering resistosomes.
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