Preferential Choice to Exert Cognitive Effort in Children with ADHD: a Diffusion Modelling Account.
Preferential Choice to Exert Cognitive Effort in Children with ADHD: a Diffusion Modelling Account.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10802-023-01080-x
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发表时间：
2023-10
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Huang-Pollock, Cynthia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yan, Xu;Huang-Pollock, Cynthia
长期以来，注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的发展与对努力参与的成本的更大敏感性有关。目前的研究评估了从事高要求任务的优先选择，并结合计算方法来询问选择的过程。8-12岁患有ADHD （n = 49）和未患有ADHD （n = 36）的儿童接受认知努力折扣范式（COG-ED，改编自）。扩散模型随后应用于选择数据，以便更好地描述情感决策的过程。所有的孩子都表现出努力折扣的迹象，但是，与理论预期相反，没有证据表明多动症儿童对努力任务的主观价值判断较低，或者他们对不那么费力的任务保持偏见。然而，与非多动症儿童相比，患有多动症的儿童对需求的心理表征差异要小得多，尽管两组儿童对努力的熟悉程度和接触程度是相似的。因此，尽管理论上有相反的观点，并且使用通俗的动机结构来解释adhd相关行为，但我们的研究结果强烈反对将对努力成本的更大敏感性或对奖励的敏感度降低作为解释机制。相反，在需求的元认知监测方面，似乎存在一个更全球性的弱点，这是成本效益分析的关键前兆，而成本效益分析是参与认知控制决策的基础。
Greater sensitivity to the cost of effortful engagement has long been implicated in the development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study evaluated preferential choice to engage in demanding tasks, and did so in combination with computational methods to interrogate the process of choice. Children aged 8–12 with (n = 49) and without (n = 36) ADHD were administered the cognitive effort discounting paradigm (COG-ED, adapted from). Diffusion modelling was subsequently applied to the choice data to allow for a better description of the process of affective decision making. All children showed evidence of effort discounting, but, contrary to theoretical expectations, there was no evidence that children with ADHD judged effortful tasks to be lower in subjective value, or that they maintained a bias towards less effortful tasks. However, children with ADHD developed a much less differentiated mental representation of demand than their non-ADHD counterparts even though familiarity with and exposure to the experience of effort was similar between groups. Thus, despite theoretical arguments to the contrary, and colloquial use of motivational constructs to explain ADHD-related behavior, our findings strongly argue against the presence of greater sensitivity to costs of effort or reduced sensitivity to rewards as an explanatory mechanism. Instead, there appears to be a more global weakness in the metacognitive monitoring of demand, which is a critical precursor for cost-benefit analyses that underlie decisions to engage cognitive control.
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