Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias.
Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0268501
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
做出正确选择并始终如一地执行这些选择的艺术对于拥有成功和充实的生活至关重要。行动控制中的个体差异被认为对我们如何做出选择以及我们是否将其付诸行动具有至关重要的影响。面对逆境，以逆境为导向的人更果断，更灵活，更有可能实现他们的意图。相比之下，国家导向型的人往往很难对自己的选择做出承诺，最终会对自己进行事后批评。在这里，我们采用基于模型的计算方法来研究简单的二元选择决策任务中行动和状态导向的人之间的潜在认知差异。在实验1中，我们发现，几乎没有证据表明，这两组不同的决策相关的参数和强有力的证据元认知偏差的差异。行动导向的人对自己选择的正确性表现出更大的信心，并且判断敏感度略有提高，尽管表现上没有差异。在实验2中，我们复制了这种效果，并表明，信心差距概括为基于价值的决定，扩大作为一个功能的难度和独立的审议间隔。此外，允许更多的时间进行信心审议表明，国家导向的人更强烈地关注外部特征的选择。我们建议，一个积极的信心偏差，加上适当的元认知敏感性，可能是至关重要的成功实现的意图在许多现实生活中的情况。更一般地说，我们的研究提供了一个例子，说明如何建模潜在的认知过程可以带来有意义的洞察个体差异的研究。
The art of making good choices and being consistent in executing them is essential for having a successful and fulfilling life. Individual differences in action control are believed to have a crucial impact on how we make choices and whether we put them in action. Action-oriented people are more decisive, flexible and likely to implement their intentions in the face of adversity. In contrast, state-oriented people often struggle to commit to their choices and end up second-guessing themselves. Here, we employ a model-based computational approach to study the underlying cognitive differences between action and state-oriented people in simple binary-choice decision tasks. In Experiment 1 we show that there is little-to-no evidence that the two groups differ in terms of decision-related parameters and strong evidence for differences in metacognitive bias. Action-oriented people exhibit greater confidence in the correctness of their choices as well as slightly elevated judgement sensitivity, although no differences in performance are present. In Experiment 2 we replicate this effect and show that the confidence gap generalizes to value-based decisions, widens as a function of difficulty and is independent of deliberation interval. Furthermore, allowing more time for confidence deliberation indicated that state-oriented people focus more strongly on external features of choice. We propose that a positive confidence bias, coupled with appropriate metacognitive sensitivity, might be crucial for the successful realization of intentions in many real-life situations. More generally, our study provides an example of how modelling latent cognitive processes can bring meaningful insight into the study of individual differences.
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影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Brandstätter, V;Lengfelder, A;Gollwitzer, PM
通讯作者：
Gollwitzer, PM
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Ais, Joaquin;Zylberberg, Ariel;Sigman, Mariano
通讯作者：
Sigman, Mariano
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
de Gardelle, Vincent;Le Corre, Francois;Mamassian, Pascal
通讯作者：
Mamassian, Pascal
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Backes, Sabine;Brandstatter, Veronika;Sutter-Stickel, Dorothee
通讯作者：
Sutter-Stickel, Dorothee
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
BECKMANN, J;KUHL, J
通讯作者：
KUHL, J