Tree of life reveals clock-like speciation and diversification.
Tree of life reveals clock-like speciation and diversification.
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msv037
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Kumar S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hedges SB;Marin J;Suleski M;Paymer M;Kumar S
基因组数据正在迅速解析校准到时间的活物种树，生命树，这将为不同科学领域的研究提供一个框架。以前对分类学限制的时间树的分析发现，许多生物群体的多样化速度下降，这通常归因于物种之间的生态相互作用。在这里，我们从代表50，632个物种的2，274项研究中合成了一个全球生命树，并检查了多样化的模式和速度以及物种形成的时间。我们发现，物种多样性在总体上和许多较小的物种群体中一直在扩大，而真核生物的多样化率基本保持不变。我们还确定，并避免，潜在的偏见，可能会影响以前的多样化分析，包括低水平的分类单元采样，小分支大小，并列入分支分析的干分支。我们发现的一致性，植物和动物之间的物种形成的时间，102我，测量的时间间隔的冠和干物种的时间。总之，这种不同层次的时钟式变化表明，物种形成和多样化是由随机事件主导的过程，而适应性变化在很大程度上是一个独立的过程。
Genomic data are rapidly resolving the tree of living species calibrated to time, the timetree of life, which will provide a framework for research in diverse fields of science. Previous analyses of taxonomically restricted timetrees have found a decline in the rate of diversification in many groups of organisms, often attributed to ecological interactions among species. Here, we have synthesized a global timetree of life from 2,274 studies representing 50,632 species and examined the pattern and rate of diversification as well as the timing of speciation. We found that species diversity has been mostly expanding overall and in many smaller groups of species, and that the rate of diversification in eukaryotes has been mostly constant. We also identified, and avoided, potential biases that may have influenced previous analyses of diversification including low levels of taxon sampling, small clade size, and the inclusion of stem branches in clade analyses. We found consistency in time-to-speciation among plants and animals, ∼2 My, as measured by intervals of crown and stem species times. Together, this clock-like change at different levels suggests that speciation and diversification are processes dominated by random events and that adaptive change is largely a separate process.
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