Amygdala Allostasis and Early Life Adversity: Considering Excitotoxicity and Inescapability in the Sequelae of Stress.
Amygdala Allostasis and Early Life Adversity: Considering Excitotoxicity and Inescapability in the Sequelae of Stress.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2021.624705
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Nacewicz BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanson JL;Nacewicz BM
早期生活逆境(ELA)，如虐待儿童或儿童贫困，会产生情绪和行为调节方面的问题。在寻求了解神经生物学后遗症和风险机制的过程中，杏仁核一直是主要焦点。虽然该区域的基本功能使其成为了解ELA后常见的多重心理健康问题的有力候选者，但现有文献的特点是严重的不一致，报道该区域的区域体积有大有小，而且没有差异。我们相信，建立在“等静负荷”基础上的应激神经发育的综合模型将有助于解决ELA对杏仁核影响的不一致问题。在这篇综述中，我们试图将过去的研究与新的发现联系起来，将应激缓冲到极端恐惧的细胞和神经递质中介的动物模型连接到可测试的研究和临床概念上。利用动物模型中不可逃避对不可预测性的更大影响，我们提出了一种机制，通过这种机制，ELA加剧了杏仁核扩张和随后的毒性代谢损害的穷尽循环。我们将这种神经生物学后遗症与ELA后的心理社会不良/适应联系起来，连接到对依恋、情绪处理和社会功能的行为研究。最后，我们总结了这篇综述，提出了临床前工作和对遭受ELA的人类研究的许多未来方向。
Early life adversity (ELA), such as child maltreatment or child poverty, engenders problems with emotional and behavioral regulation. In the quest to understand the neurobiological sequelae and mechanisms of risk, the amygdala has been of major focus. While the basic functions of this region make it a strong candidate for understanding the multiple mental health issues common after ELA, extant literature is marked by profound inconsistencies, with reports of larger, smaller, and no differences in regional volumes of this area. We believe integrative models of stress neurodevelopment, grounded in “allostatic load,” will help resolve inconsistencies in the impact of ELA on the amygdala. In this review, we attempt to connect past research studies to new findings with animal models of cellular and neurotransmitter mediators of stress buffering to extreme fear generalization onto testable research and clinical concepts. Drawing on the greater impact of inescapability over unpredictability in animal models, we propose a mechanism by which ELA aggravates an exhaustive cycle of amygdala expansion and subsequent toxic-metabolic damage. We connect this neurobiological sequela to psychosocial mal/adaptation after ELA, bridging to behavioral studies of attachment, emotion processing, and social functioning. Lastly, we conclude this review by proposing a multitude of future directions in preclinical work and studies of humans that suffered ELA.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Babalola, Kolawole Oluwole;Patenaude, Brian;Rueckert, Daniel
通讯作者：
Rueckert, Daniel
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095727
发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 15
影响因子：
--
作者：
Callaghan, Bridget;Meyer, Heidi;Tottenham, Nim
通讯作者：
Tottenham, Nim
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Amaral, DG
通讯作者：
Amaral, DG
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Amir, Alon;Lee, Seung-Chan;Pare, Denis
通讯作者：
Pare, Denis
影响因子：
17.7
作者：
Brunet, Alain;Saumier, Daniel;Pitman, Roger K.
通讯作者：
Pitman, Roger K.