Air pollution in Boston bars before and after a smoking ban.
Air pollution in Boston bars before and after a smoking ban.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-6-266
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发表时间：
2006-10-27
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Brugge D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Repace JL;Hyde JN;Brugge D
我们量化了美国马萨诸塞州波士顿的无烟工作场所法律对空气质量的好处，通过测量二手烟（SHS）的空气污染，在法律之前和之后的7个酒吧，比较实际的通风做法，以工程学会（ASHRAE）的建议，并评估SHS水平使用健康和舒适指数。我们进行了实时测量的可吸入颗粒物（RSP）的空气污染和颗粒多环芳烃（PPAH），在7个酒吧和户外的基于模型的设计产生的空气交换率RSP去除。我们还根据二氧化碳浓度评估了通风率。我们将RSP空气污染与联邦空气质量指数（AQI）和国家环境空气质量标准（NAAQS）进行比较，以评估健康风险，并使用已公布的SHS-RSP阈值评估气味和刺激水平。6间酒吧在禁烟前（排除一间非SHS空气质量问题的酒吧）的可吸入悬浮粒子平均水平为179微克/立方米，比禁烟后的平均水平7.7微克/立方米高出23倍，超过细颗粒物污染（PM2.5）的NAAQS近4倍。禁烟前，所有7家酒吧的细颗粒物空气污染水平都在AQI的不健康到危险范围内。在同样的6家酒吧中，禁令前室内致癌物PPAH平均为61.7 ng/m3，比禁令后的6.32 ng/m3高出近10倍。禁令后的颗粒空气污染水平在良好的AQI范围内，除了1个场地有缺陷的燃气深油炸锅，而所有7家酒吧的禁令后致癌物水平均低于户外。在吸烟过程中，虽然每个居住者的酒吧通风率在ASHRAE设计参数范围内，用于控制居住者人数的二氧化碳水平，但他们未能控制SHS致癌物或RSP。非吸烟者的SHS气味和刺激感觉阈值被大量超过。禁令后的空气污染测量显示，PPAH和RSP分别减少了90%至95%，与室外浓度相差不大。通风未能控制SHS，导致不吸烟的工人和顾客患空气污染疾病的风险增加。波士顿的禁烟令消除了这种风险。
We quantified the air quality benefits of a smoke-free workplace law in Boston Massachusetts, U.S.A., by measuring air pollution from secondhand smoke (SHS) in 7 pubs before and after the law, comparing actual ventilation practices to engineering society (ASHRAE) recommendations, and assessing SHS levels using health and comfort indices. We performed real-time measurements of respirable particle (RSP) air pollution and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), in 7 pubs and outdoors in a model-based design yielding air exchange rates for RSP removal. We also assessed ventilation rates from carbon dioxide concentrations. We compared RSP air pollution to the federal Air Quality Index (AQI) and the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) to assess health risks, and assessed odor and irritation levels using published SHS-RSP thresholds. Pre-smoking-ban RSP levels in 6 pubs (one pub with a non-SHS air quality problem was excluded) averaged 179 μg/m3, 23 times higher than post-ban levels, which averaged 7.7 μg/m3, exceeding the NAAQS for fine particle pollution (PM2.5) by nearly 4-fold. Pre-smoking ban levels of fine particle air pollution in all 7 of the pubs were in the Unhealthy to Hazardous range of the AQI. In the same 6 pubs, pre-ban indoor carcinogenic PPAH averaged 61.7 ng/m3, nearly 10 times higher than post-ban levels of 6.32 ng/m3. Post-ban particulate air pollution levels were in the Good AQI range, except for 1 venue with a defective gas-fired deep-fat fryer, while post-ban carcinogen levels in all 7 pubs were lower than outdoors. During smoking, although pub ventilation rates per occupant were within ASHRAE design parameters for the control of carbon dioxide levels for the number of occupants present, they failed to control SHS carcinogens or RSP. Nonsmokers' SHS odor and irritation sensory thresholds were massively exceeded. Post-ban air pollution measurements showed 90% to 95% reductions in PPAH and RSP respectively, differing little from outdoor concentrations. Ventilation failed to control SHS, leading to increased risk of the diseases of air pollution for nonsmoking workers and patrons. Boston's smoking ban eliminated this risk.
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DOI：
10.1080/10473289.1996.10467548
发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Ott, W;Switzer, P;Robinson, J
通讯作者：
Robinson, J
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Abrams, SM;Mahoney, MC;Song, LG
通讯作者：
Song, LG
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Edwards, R;Hasselholdt, CP;Watson, AFR
通讯作者：
Watson, AFR
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Repace, JL;Jinot, J;Hammond, SK
通讯作者：
Hammond, SK
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500289
发表时间：
2003-09-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Levy, JI;Bennett, DH;Spengler, JD
通讯作者：
Spengler, JD