Egalitarian reward contingency in competitive games and primate prefrontal neuronal activity.
Egalitarian reward contingency in competitive games and primate prefrontal neuronal activity.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2015.00165
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Watanabe M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hosokawa T;Watanabe M
人们如何工作以获得奖励取决于奖励交付的上下文，例如竞争的存在/不存在以及奖励交付的偶然性。由于资源是有限的，赢得竞争对生物体获得奖励至关重要。人们通常期望普通的业绩奖励偶然性，表现更好的人获得更好的奖励。不寻常的奖励偶然性，如平均主义（对好的和不好的表现者都给予同等的奖励/不奖励），抑制了人们的动机。我们以前报道过猴子更有动力，外侧前额叶皮层（LPFC）的神经元在竞争性游戏中比在非竞争性游戏中表现出更高的结果相关活动（Hosokawa和Watanabe）。然而，猴子的行为和LPFC神经元的活动还没有被检查在一个竞争的情况下，一个不寻常的成绩奖励的偶然性。此外，在以前的研究中，固定的绩效奖励应急不允许我们检查的影响，赢/输分别从奖励/无奖励的前额叶神经元活动。在这里，我们采用了平均主义的竞争情况，在这种情况下，赢家和输家都得到了奖励，或者他们都没有得到奖励，以及正常的竞争情况下，只有赢家得到了奖励。猴子的行为表现大大恶化的审判与平等主义的结果条件。LPFC神经元的活动，反映了正常或平等的结果条件，而很少有神经元编码赢/输独立的奖励/无奖励。重要的是，我们发现神经元在正常情况下表现出与奖励相关的活动，但在平等结果条件下却没有，即使给予动物相同的奖励。这些结果表明，LPFC可能发挥重要作用，监测当前的奖励应急和整合它与性能结果（输赢），以更好地执行竞争游戏，从而更好地生存。
How people work to obtain a reward depends on the context of the reward delivery, such as the presence/absence of competition and the contingency of reward delivery. Since resources are limited, winning a competition is critically important for organisms' obtaining a reward. People usually expect ordinary performance-reward contingency, with better performers obtaining better rewards. Unordinary reward contingency, such as egalitarianism (equal rewards/no-rewards to both good and poor performers), dampens people's motivation. We previously reported that monkeys were more motivated, and neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) showed higher outcome-related activity in a competitive than in a noncompetitive game (Hosokawa and Watanabe,). However, monkey's behavior and LPFC neuronal activity have not been examined in a competitive situation with an unordinary performance-reward contingency. Also, the fixed performance-reward contingency in the previous study did not allow us to examine effects of win/loss separately from those of reward/no-reward on prefrontal neuronal activity. Here, we employed the egalitarian competitive situation in which both the winner and loser, or neither of them, got a reward as well as the normal competitive situation in which only the winner got a reward. Monkey's behavioral performance greatly deteriorated in trials with the egalitarian outcome conditions. LPFC neurons showed activities that reflected the normal or egalitarian outcome condition while very few neurons coded win/loss independent of reward/no-reward. Importantly, we found neurons that showed reward-related activity in the normal, but not in the egalitarian outcome conditions, even though the same reward was given to the animal. These results indicate that LPFC may play an important role in monitoring the current reward contingency and integrating it with the performance outcome (win-loss) for better performing the competitive game, and thus for better survival.
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额叶中的神经元编码多个决策变量的值。
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Kennerley SW;Dahmubed AF;Lara AH;Wallis JD
通讯作者：
Wallis JD
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Ichihara-Takeda, Satoe;Funahashi, Shintaro
通讯作者：
Funahashi, Shintaro
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.5353-08.2009
发表时间：
2009-03-11
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
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作者：
Kennerley SW;Wallis JD
通讯作者：
Wallis JD
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Chang SW;Winecoff AA;Platt ML
通讯作者：
Platt ML
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2004.2947
发表时间：
2005-02-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Brosnan, SF;Schiff, HC;de Waal, FBM
通讯作者：
de Waal, FBM