The role of vitamin D in the FGF23, klotho, and phosphate bone-kidney endocrine axis.

The role of vitamin D in the FGF23, klotho, and phosphate bone-kidney endocrine axis.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11154-011-9199-8
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发表时间:
2012-03
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Jurutka, Peter W.
Jurutka, Peter W.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Haussler, Mark R.;Whitfield, G. Kerr;Kaneko, Ichiro;Forster, Ryan;Saini, Rimpi;Hsieh, Jui-Cheng;Haussler, Carol A.;Jurutka, Peter W.

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1,25-二羟基维生素D(1,25 D)通过与核维生素D受体(VDR)结合,对由骨源性激素FGF 23和肾脏表达的klotho、CYP 27 B1和CYP 24 A1基因组成的新的内分泌轴发挥控制作用,这些基因一起预防高磷酸盐血症/异位钙化并控制1,25 D维持骨矿物质的完整性,同时促进其他重要组织的最佳功能。当被1,25 D占据时,VDR与RXR相互作用以形成异二聚体,该异二聚体结合1,25 D直接控制的基因区域中的VDRE(例如,FGF 23、klotho、Npt2c、CYP 27 B1和CYP 24 A1)。通过募集共调节剂的复合物,激活的VDR启动一系列事件,诱导或抑制编码蛋白质的基因的转录,所述蛋白质例如:骨细胞衍生激素,FGF 23;肾抗衰老因子和FGF 23的蛋白质共受体,klotho;磷酸盐转运的其他介质,包括Npt 2a/c;以及维生素D激素代谢酶,CYP 27 B1和CYP 24 A1。触发骨细胞释放FGF 23的机制尚未完全确定,但1,25 D,磷酸盐和瘦素似乎起主要作用。肾脏对FGF 23产生反应,引发CYP 24 A1催化的1,25 D激素解毒,同时还抑制Npt 2a/c介导磷酸盐消除和CYP 27 B1限制从头1,25 D合成。了解1,25 D的这些骨骼和肾脏作用将有助于开发新的模拟物,以预防异位钙化,慢性肾脏和血管疾病,并促进健康的衰老。
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), through association with the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), exerts control over a novel endocrine axis consisting of the bone-derived hormone FGF23, and the kidney-expressed klotho, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 genes, which together prevent hyperphosphatemia/ectopic calcification and govern the levels of 1,25D to maintain bone mineral integrity while promoting optimal function of other vital tissues. When occupied by 1,25D, VDR interacts with RXR to form a heterodimer that binds to VDREs in the region of genes directly controlled by 1,25D (e.g., FGF23, klotho, Npt2c, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1). By recruiting complexes of comodulators, activated VDR initiates a series of events that induces or represses the transcription of genes encoding proteins such as: the osteocyte-derived hormone, FGF23; the renal anti-senescence factor and protein co-receptor for FGF23, klotho; other mediators of phosphate transport including Npt2a/c; and vitamin D hormone metabolic enzymes, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. The mechanism whereby osteocytes are triggered to release FGF23 is yet to be fully defined, but 1,25D, phosphate, and leptin appear to play major roles. The kidney responds to FGF23 to elicit CYP24A1-catalyzed detoxification of the 1,25D hormone while also repressing both Npt2a/c to mediate phosphate elimination and CYP27B1 to limit de novo 1,25D synthesis. Comprehension of these skeletal and renal actions of 1,25D should facilitate the development of novel mimetics to prevent ectopic calcification, chronic renal and vascular disease, and promote healthful aging.
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