Post-pandemic transformations: How and why COVID-19 requires us to rethink development.
Post-pandemic transformations: How and why COVID-19 requires us to rethink development.
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大流行后的转型：COVID-19 如何以及为何要求我们重新思考发展。
DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105233
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Wilkinson A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leach M;MacGregor H;Scoones I;Wilkinson A
COVID-19暴露了当前系统的主要缺陷和脆弱性。一个结构不规则的二重性特征的出现，进展和影响。主流发展思想和实践是问题的一部分。需要在科学政策、经济和治理方面进行变革。需要复原力、公平、多样性、关怀和包容性政治。COVID-19被证明是人们期待已久的“大流行”：一种能够使社会和经济陷入瘫痪的流行病。我们迫切需要审视COVID-19作为一场健康和发展危机是如何展开的，并考虑大流行后转型的可能性，以及更广泛地重新思考发展的可能性。基于对流行病十多年的研究，我们认为，COVID-19大流行病的起源、发展和影响需要分析，既要解决结构性政治经济条件，也要解决反映复杂性、不确定性、偶然性和背景特异性的不那么有序、“不受控制”的过程。大流行病的出现、发展和影响的条件和过程中的这种结构性和难以驾驭的二元性为观察三个关键挑战领域提供了一个透镜。第一个问题是，当情况被严格地“锁定”在既定的权力关系中，但又如此不确定时，科学建议和证据如何用于政策。其次是经济如何运作，COVID-19危机揭示了传统经济增长模式的局限性。第三个问题是，在应对流行病时，新的政治形式如何成为重塑公民与国家关系的基础，比如围绕相互团结和关怀的关系。COVID-19表明我们面临着不确定的未来，对重大冲击的预期和抵御能力必须成为发展研究和实践的核心问题。在主流发展方法自上而下、僵化和以狭隘的经济目标为导向的情况下，COVID-19后的发展必须以彻底变革、平等和包容的知识和政治为核心。
COVID-19 has exposed major faultlines and fragilities in current systems. A structural-unruly duality characterises emergence, progression and impact. Mainstream development thinking and practice are part of the problem. Transformations are needed in science-policy, economies and governance. Resilience, equity, diversity, care and inclusive politics are required. COVID-19 is proving to be the long awaited ‘big one’: a pandemic capable of bringing societies and economies to their knees. There is an urgent need to examine how COVID-19 – as a health and development crisis - unfolded the way it did it and to consider possibilities for post-pandemic transformations and for rethinking development more broadly. Drawing on over a decade of research on epidemics, we argue that the origins, unfolding and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic require analysis that addresses both structural political-economic conditions alongside far less ordered, ‘unruly’ processes reflecting complexity, uncertainty, contingency and context-specificity. This structural-unruly duality in the conditions and processes of pandemic emergence, progression and impact provides a lens to view three key challenge areas. The first is how scientific advice and evidence are used in policy, when conditions are rigidly ‘locked in’ to established power relations and yet so uncertain. Second is how economies function, with the COVID-19 crisis having revealed the limits of a conventional model of economic growth. The third concerns how new forms of politics can become the basis of reshaped citizen-state relations in confronting a pandemic, such as those around mutual solidarity and care. COVID-19 demonstrates that we face an uncertain future, where anticipation of and resilience to major shocks must become the core problematic of development studies and practice. Where mainstream approaches to development have been top down, rigid and orientated towards narrowly-defined economic goals, post-COVID-19 development must have a radically transformative, egalitarian and inclusive knowledge and politics at its core.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2016.0172
发表时间：
2017-07-19
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bardosh KL;Scoones JC;Grace D;Kalema-Zikusoka G;Jones KE;de Balogh K;Waltner-Toews D;Bett B;Welburn SC;Mumford E;Dzingirai V
通讯作者：
Dzingirai V
影响因子：
27.6
作者：
D'Alessandro, Simone;Cieplinski, Andre;Dittmer, Kristofer
通讯作者：
Dittmer, Kristofer
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Ferguson, NM;Cummings, DAT;Burke, DS
通讯作者：
Burke, DS
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Dzingirai, Vupenyu;Bett, Bernard;Winnebah, Tom
通讯作者：
Winnebah, Tom