The realized efficacy of indoor residual spraying campaigns falls quickly below the recommended WHO threshold when coverage, pace of spraying and residual efficacy on different wall types are considered.
The realized efficacy of indoor residual spraying campaigns falls quickly below the recommended WHO threshold when coverage, pace of spraying and residual efficacy on different wall types are considered.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0272655
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
在莫桑比克南部、南非和埃斯瓦蒂尼，室内残留喷洒(IRS)一直是而且仍然是一项重要的疟疾控制措施。更好地了解国税局运动的有效性对于指导今后的消除工作至关重要。我们分析了莫桑比克南部消除疟疾示范项目“马古德项目”期间开展的三项IRS活动，并提出了一种新的方法来计算IRS活动的效果，该方法根据IRS覆盖范围、室内喷洒速度和IRS在不同墙体类型上的残留效果进行调整。福氏按蚊Anopheles funestus Sensu Lato(s.l.)还有一个。冈比亚亚种对甲基嘧啶磷和滴滴涕敏感。按蚊(Anopheles funestus s.l.)对拟除虫菊酯具有抗性，暴露后24小时死亡率较低。狭义蘑菇Funestus Sensu Stricto(S.S.)而不是为了一个。Parensis(室内采集)。在三次国税局运动中，喷洒建筑物的百分比都在90%以上，覆盖人口的百分比都在86%以上。2015年和2016年，被喷洒的家庭比例超过83%，但2017年没有进行评估。在2016年国税局宣传活动后的196天和2017年宣传活动后的222天，暴露后24小时的蚊子死亡率保持在80%以上，在泥墙上的蚊子死亡率比在水泥墙上长1.5个月。当考虑到暴露后120小时的死亡率时，这一时间延长了两个月。区一级在2016年竞选活动后113天实现了国税局的效力。虽然国税局在马古德的宣传活动覆盖率很高，但在整个疟疾高发季节，国税局的保护并不是最佳的。使用寿命更长的国税局产品本来可以进一步有助于阻断该地区的疟疾传播。为了更好地评估IRS活动所提供的保护，鼓励国家疟疾控制计划和合作伙伴调整IRS覆盖范围的IRS效力的计算、活动期间房屋喷洒的速度以及不同墙型上的IRS效力，并结合喷洒区域的墙型分布进行调整。
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been and remains an important malaria control intervention in southern Mozambique, South Africa and Eswatini. A better understanding of the effectiveness of IRS campaigns is critical to guide future elimination efforts. We analyze the three IRS campaigns conducted during a malaria elimination demonstration project in southern Mozambique, the “Magude project”, and propose a new method to calculate the efficacy of IRS campaigns adjusting for IRS coverage, pace of house spraying and IRS residual efficacy on different wall types. Anopheles funestus sensu lato (s.l.) and An. gambiae s.l. were susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl and DDT. Anopheles funestus s.l. was resistant to pyrethroids, with 24h post-exposure mortality being lower for An. funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) than for An. parensis (collected indoors). The percentage of structures sprayed was above 90% and percentage of people covered above 86% in all three IRS campaigns. The percentage of households sprayed was above 83% in 2015 and 2016, but not assessed in 2017. Mosquito mortality 24h post-exposure stayed above 80% for 196 days after the 2016 IRS campaign and 222 days after the 2017 campaign and was 1.5 months longer on mud walls than on cement walls. This was extended by up to two months when 120h post-exposure mortality was considered. The district-level realized IRS efficacy was 113 days after the 2016 campaign. While the coverage of IRS campaigns in Magude were high, IRS protection did not remain optimal for the entire high malaria transmissions season. The use of a longer-lasting IRS product could have further supported the interruption of malaria transmission in the district. To better estimate the protection afforded by IRS campaigns, National Malaria Control Programs and partners are encouraged to adjust the calculation of IRS efficacy for IRS coverage, pace of house spraying during the campaign and IRS efficacy on different wall types combined with wall type distribution in the sprayed area.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Killeen GF;Govella NJ;Lwetoijera DW;Okumu FO
通讯作者：
Okumu FO
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Hunt, RH;Brooke, BD;Coetzee, M
通讯作者：
Coetzee, M
影响因子：
3
作者：
Burke, Ashley;Dahan-Moss, Yael;Brooke, Basil
通讯作者：
Brooke, Basil
影响因子：
3
作者：
Fuseini, Godwin;Ismail, Hanafy M.;Garcia, Guillermo A.
通讯作者：
Garcia, Guillermo A.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Dengela, Dereje;Seyoum, Aklilu;Fornadel, Christen M.
通讯作者：
Fornadel, Christen M.