American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance.
American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance.
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美国运动医学学院立场表。
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1973
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
S. Langley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Rodriguez;N. Di Marco;S. Langley
美国饮食协会、加拿大饮食学家和美国运动医学学院的立场是，最佳营养可以增强身体活动、运动表现和运动后的恢复。这些组织推荐适当的食物和液体的选择，摄入的时间，以及最佳健康和运动表现的补充选择。这份最新的立场文件结合了对营养和成绩相关文献的严格、系统、基于证据的分析，以及与能量需求、身体成分评估、体重变化策略、营养和液体需求、训练和比赛期间的特殊营养需求、补充剂和人体源性辅助药物的使用、素食运动员的营养建议以及运动营养师的角色和责任相关的最新科学数据。能量和常量营养素的需求，特别是碳水化合物和蛋白质，必须在高体力活动期间得到满足，以维持体重，补充糖原储存，并提供足够的蛋白质来构建和修复组织。脂肪摄入量应足以提供必需脂肪酸和脂溶性维生素，并为维持体重提供能量。虽然运动表现会受到体重和身体成分的影响，但这些身体指标不应成为运动表现的标准，也不鼓励每天称重。在运动前、运动中和运动后应摄入足够的食物和液体，以帮助维持运动期间的血糖浓度，最大化运动表现，并缩短恢复时间。运动员应该在运动前补充充足的水分，在运动中和运动后喝足够的液体来平衡液体的流失。含有碳水化合物和电解质的运动饮料可以在运动前、运动中和运动后饮用，以帮助维持血糖浓度，为肌肉提供能量，降低脱水和低钠血症的风险。如果从各种食物中摄取足够的能量来维持体重，就不需要补充维生素和矿物质。然而，那些限制能量摄入、采用严格的减肥方法、从饮食中剔除一种或多种食物、或摄入微量营养素密度低的不平衡饮食的运动员可能需要补充剂。由于针对营养经人性助剂的具体法规执行不力，因此应谨慎使用，并应在对产品的安全性、有效性、效力和合法性进行仔细评估后使用。一位合格的运动营养师，特别是美国的运动营养学委员会认证专家，应该在全面的营养评估后提供个性化的营养指导和建议。
It is the position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine that physical activity, athletic performance, and recovery from exercise are enhanced by optimal nutrition. These organizations recommend appropriate selection of foods and fluids, timing of intake, and supplement choices for optimal health and exercise performance. This updated position paper couples a rigorous, systematic, evidence-based analysis of nutrition and performance-specific literature with current scientific data related to energy needs, assessment of body composition, strategies for weight change, nutrient and fluid needs, special nutrient needs during training and competition, the use of supplements and ergogenic aids, nutrition recommendations for vegetarian athletes, and the roles and responsibilities of the sports dietitian. Energy and macronutrient needs, especially carbohydrate and protein, must be met during times of high physical activity to maintain body weight, replenish glycogen stores, and provide adequate protein to build and repair tissue. Fat intake should be sufficient to provide the essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins and to contribute energy for weight maintenance. Although exercise performance can be affected by body weight and composition, these physical measures should not be a criterion for sports performance and daily weigh-ins are discouraged. Adequate food and fluid should be consumed before, during, and after exercise to help maintain blood glucose concentration during exercise, maximize exercise performance, and improve recovery time. Athletes should be well hydrated before exercise and drink enough fluid during and after exercise to balance fluid losses. Sports beverages containing carbohydrates and electrolytes may be consumed before, during, and after exercise to help maintain blood glucose concentration, provide fuel for muscles, and decrease risk of dehydration and hyponatremia. Vitamin and mineral supplements are not needed if adequate energy to maintain body weight is consumed from a variety of foods. However, athletes who restrict energy intake, use severe weight-loss practices, eliminate one or more food groups from their diet, or consume unbalanced diets with low micronutrient density may require supplements. Because regulations specific to nutritional ergogenic aids are poorly enforced, they should be used with caution and only after careful product evaluation for safety, efficacy, potency, and legality. A qualified sports dietitian and, in particular, the Board Certified Specialist in Sports Dietetics in the United States, should provide individualized nutrition direction and advice after a comprehensive nutrition assessment.
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正常经期和闭经运动员的下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺功能。
DOI：
10.1210/jcem.75.2.1639953
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
影响因子：
--
作者：
Loucks,AB;Laughlin,GA;Mortola,JF;Girton,L;Nelson,JC;Yen,SS
通讯作者：
Yen,SS
DOI：
10.1097/00019616-199911000-00014
发表时间：
1999-03
期刊：
The American journal of clinical nutrition
影响因子：
--
作者：
D. Dreon;H. Fernstrom;Williams Ft;Ronald M. Krauss
通讯作者：
D. Dreon;H. Fernstrom;Williams Ft;Ronald M. Krauss
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Ivy, JL;Goforth, HW;Price, TB
通讯作者：
Price, TB
运动前零食喂养对耐力周期运动的影响。
DOI：
10.1152/jappl.1986.60.3.980
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Devlin,JT;Calles-Escandon,J;Horton,ES
通讯作者：
Horton,ES
人类抗阻运动后肌肉蛋白质周转率和氨基酸转运率增加。
DOI：
10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.3.e514
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
The American journal of physiology.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Biolo,G;Maggi,SP;Williams,BD;Tipton,KD;Wolfe,RR
通讯作者：
Wolfe,RR