A four-component model of age-related memory change.
A four-component model of age-related memory change.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/rev0000015
复制
发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Kahana, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Healey, M. Karl;Kahana, Michael J.
我们开发了一种新的，计算明确的，与年龄相关的记忆变化的理论框架内的上下文维护和检索（CMR 2）模型的记忆搜索。我们从自由回忆和识别任务中引入了一组基准研究结果，其中包括显示与年龄相关的稳定性和衰退的记忆表现方面。我们测试老化理论的损伤相应的机制在一个模型适合年轻的成年人自由回忆数据。当单独考虑效应时，许多理论提供了充分的解释，但当同时考虑所有效应时，现有的理论就失败了。我们通过拟合完整的模型（即，允许所有参数变化），并比较老年人和年轻人的参数值分布。该理论包含四个组成部分：1）在编码事件中保持注意力的能力，2）检索上下文表征作为检索线索的能力，3）监控检索和拒绝入侵的能力，以及4）检索竞争中的噪音水平。我们扩展CMR2模拟识别记忆任务使用相同的机制，自由回忆模型使用拒绝入侵。在不拟合任何额外参数的情况下，解释自由回忆年龄差异的四成分理论预测了再认记忆准确性的年龄差异。根据模型的预测，自由回忆入侵率与识别误报率正相关。因此，我们提供了两项关键实验室任务中年龄差异复杂模式的四成分理论。
We develop a novel, computationally explicit, theory of age–related memory change within the framework of the context maintenance and retrieval (CMR2) model of memory search. We introduce a set of benchmark findings from the free recall and recognition tasks that includes aspects of memory performance that show both age-related stability and decline. We test aging theories by lesioning the corresponding mechanisms in a model fit to younger adult free recall data. When effects are considered in isolation, many theories provide an adequate account, but when all effects are considered simultaneously, the existing theories fail. We develop a novel theory by fitting the full model (i.e., allowing all parameters to vary) to individual participants and comparing the distributions of parameter values for older and younger adults. This theory implicates four components: 1) the ability to sustain attention across an encoding episode, 2) the ability to retrieve contextual representations for use as retrieval cues, 3) the ability to monitor retrievals and reject intrusions, and 4) the level of noise in retrieval competitions. We extend CMR2 to simulate a recognition memory task using the same mechanisms the free recall model uses to reject intrusions. Without fitting any additional parameters, the four–component theory that accounts for age differences in free recall predicts the magnitude of age differences in recognition memory accuracy. Confirming a prediction of the model, free recall intrusion rates correlate positively with recognition false alarm rates. Thus we provide a four–component theory of a complex pattern of age differences across two key laboratory tasks.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Castel, AD
通讯作者：
Castel, AD
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
CECI, SJ;TABOR, L
通讯作者：
TABOR, L
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Baltes, PB;Lindenberger, U
通讯作者：
Lindenberger, U
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Chalfonte, BL;Johnson, MK
通讯作者：
Johnson, MK
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Benjamin, Aaron S.
通讯作者：
Benjamin, Aaron S.