Motor neurons and the generation of spinal motor neuron diversity.
Motor neurons and the generation of spinal motor neuron diversity.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2014.00293
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Stifani N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stifani N
运动神经元(MN)是位于中枢神经系统(CNS)的神经细胞，控制着多种下游靶点。该函数推断存在与其所支配的目标的身份相匹配的MN子类型。为了阐明细胞多样性的产生和特定身份的获得所涉及的机制，本文将重点介绍在过去几十年中一直是重要工作和发现的核心的脊髓MN(SpMN)。SPMN负责外周效应肌的收缩。人类拥有500多种不同的骨骼肌，能够在精确的时间和空间协调下产生复杂的运动，如行走或抓握。为了确保这种精细的协调，SPMN必须保留它们所支配的肌肉的身份。在过去的二十年里，世界各地的科学家做出了相当大的努力来阐明SpMN分化的几个关键步骤。在发育过程中，SpMN由位于腹侧神经管内侧的祖细胞分裂而来。MN的身份是通过模式化线索与固有的转录因子集协同工作来建立的。随着胚胎的发育，MNS以一种逐步的方式进一步分化，形成紧凑的解剖群，称为池，连接到独特的肌肉靶点。MN池并不均匀，根据它们所支配的肌肉纤维分为不同的亚型。本文旨在提供MN分类的全球观点以及与SPMN多样性产生有关的分子机制的最新综述。剩下的难题将被讨论，因为对这些机制的全面了解构成了阐述预期的MN再生疗法所需的基础。
Motor neurons (MNs) are neuronal cells located in the central nervous system (CNS) controlling a variety of downstream targets. This function infers the existence of MN subtypes matching the identity of the targets they innervate. To illustrate the mechanism involved in the generation of cellular diversity and the acquisition of specific identity, this review will focus on spinal MNs (SpMNs) that have been the core of significant work and discoveries during the last decades. SpMNs are responsible for the contraction of effector muscles in the periphery. Humans possess more than 500 different skeletal muscles capable to work in a precise time and space coordination to generate complex movements such as walking or grasping. To ensure such refined coordination, SpMNs must retain the identity of the muscle they innervate. Within the last two decades, scientists around the world have produced considerable efforts to elucidate several critical steps of SpMNs differentiation. During development, SpMNs emerge from dividing progenitor cells located in the medial portion of the ventral neural tube. MN identities are established by patterning cues working in cooperation with intrinsic sets of transcription factors. As the embryo develop, MNs further differentiate in a stepwise manner to form compact anatomical groups termed pools connecting to a unique muscle target. MN pools are not homogeneous and comprise subtypes according to the muscle fibers they innervate. This article aims to provide a global view of MN classification as well as an up-to-date review of the molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of SpMN diversity. Remaining conundrums will be discussed since a complete understanding of those mechanisms constitutes the foundation required for the elaboration of prospective MN regeneration therapies.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Bonanomi D;Chivatakarn O;Bai G;Abdesselem H;Lettieri K;Marquardt T;Pierchala BA;Pfaff SL
通讯作者：
Pfaff SL
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Chen, Jun-An;Wichterle, Hynek
通讯作者：
Wichterle, Hynek
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Agalliu, Dritan;Takada, Shinji;Jessell, Thomas M.
通讯作者：
Jessell, Thomas M.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Aldskogius, Hakan;Berens, Christian;Kozlova, Elena N.
通讯作者：
Kozlova, Elena N.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BRICHTA, AM;CALLISTER, RJ;PETERSON, EH
通讯作者：
PETERSON, EH