Resource diversity and provenance underpin spatial patterns in functional diversity across native and exotic species.
Resource diversity and provenance underpin spatial patterns in functional diversity across native and exotic species.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.3998
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Butler SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Méndez V;Wood JR;Butler SJ
功能多样性度量越来越多地用于增强或取代分类多样性度量，以提供对社区结构和功能的更机械的见解。用于描述景观结构和特征的生态系统与基于分类的指标有许多相同的局限性，特别是它们依赖于遗传定义的类型学，很少考虑结构，管理或功能。然而，替代指标来描述景观特征的发展受到限制。在这里，我们扩展了功能多样性框架，以表征景观的基础上，现有的栖息地资源的多样性。然后，我们研究的影响资源多样性和种源的本地和外来鸟类群落在新西兰的功能diabetes。入侵物种越来越普遍，并被认为是对生态系统功能的全球威胁，但同域的本地和外来社区之间的特征和相互作用仍然没有得到解决。了解它们对环境变化的比较反应及其机制对于预测群落动态和改变生态系统功能越来越重要。我们使用（i）资源利用（物种）和资源可用性（栖息地）矩阵和（ii）2015年10 × 10 km样方中62种本地和25种外来物种以及19种本地和13种外来栖息地的发生数据来研究本地和外来鸟类与景观功能多样性之间的关系。本地群落和外来群落的物种数和功能多样性呈正相关。每个社区都显示出环境过滤的证据，但它是外来物种显着更强。较少的环境过滤发生在景观提供了更多样化的资源组合，与资源种源也是一个影响因素。景观功能多样性解释了更大比例的本地和外来的社区特征的变异比栖息地类型的数量。在描述景观结构和变化时，应明确说明资源多样性和来源，因为它们提供了对环境过滤和群落结构之间联系的额外机械理解。通过设计和实施管理行动来操纵资源多样性，可以证明是实现保护目标的有力工具，无论是保护本地物种，控制外来物种，还是维持生态系统服务的提供。
Functional diversity metrics are increasingly used to augment or replace taxonomic diversity metrics to deliver more mechanistic insights into community structure and function. Metrics used to describe landscape structure and characteristics share many of the same limitations as taxonomy‐based metrics, particularly their reliance on anthropogenically defined typologies with little consideration of structure, management, or function. However, the development of alternative metrics to describe landscape characteristics has been limited. Here, we extend the functional diversity framework to characterize landscapes based on the diversity of resources available across habitats present. We then examine the influence of resource diversity and provenance on the functional diversities of native and exotic avian communities in New Zealand. Invasive species are increasingly prevalent and considered a global threat to ecosystem function, but the characteristics of and interactions between sympatric native and exotic communities remain unresolved. Understanding their comparative responses to environmental change and the mechanisms underpinning them is of growing importance in predicting community dynamics and changing ecosystem function. We use (i) matrices of resource use (species) and resource availability (habitats) and (ii) occurrence data for 62 native and 25 exotic species and 19 native and 13 exotic habitats in 2015 10 × 10 km quadrats to examine the relationship between native and exotic avian and landscape functional diversity. The numbers of species in, and functional diversities of, native and exotic communities were positively related. Each community displayed evidence of environmental filtering, but it was significantly stronger for exotic species. Less environmental filtering occurred in landscapes providing a more diverse combination of resources, with resource provenance also an influential factor. Landscape functional diversity explained a greater proportion of variance in native and exotic community characteristics than the number of habitat types present. Resource diversity and provenance should be explicitly accounted for when characterizing landscape structure and change as they offer additional mechanistic understanding of the links between environmental filtering and community structure. Manipulating resource diversity through the design and implementation of management actions could prove a powerful tool for the delivery of conservation objectives, be they to protect native species, control exotic species, or maintain ecosystem service provision.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2014.2620
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