Developmental Psychopathology and the Research Domain Criteria: Friend or Foe?

Developmental Psychopathology and the Research Domain Criteria: Friend or Foe?
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发展心理病理学和研究领域标准:朋友还是敌人?

DOI:
10.1080/15374416.2020.1753205
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发表时间:
2020-05
期刊:
Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Bradshaw CP
Bradshaw CP
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Garber J;Bradshaw CP

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发展性精神病理学(DP)是一种概念性的方法来研究个体在整个生命过程中精神病理学发展模式的起源和过程。研究领域标准(RDoC)旨在研究神经生物学和行为的维度,以构建一种新的精神病理学分类,从而促进对精神障碍的理解和治疗。在这篇评论中,我们描述了这两种方法之间的总体趋同和分歧。发展性精神病理学和RDoC重叠,因为它们都(a)研究从正常到精神病理学的全部变化,(B)旨在了解精神病理学的起源和机制,(c)使用多个分析单元来研究功能的突出领域,(d)强调使用可靠有效测量的重要性。这些观点之间也存在一些差异。例如,RDoC是唯一的维度,而DP研究连续性和不连续性。根据RDoC,精神障碍是大脑疾病,神经回路是主要的,而DP断言精神病理学的发展是神经生物学,心理学和社会背景之间动态交易的结果。最后,我们确定如何利用DP和RDoC的观点,以推动这两个方面的进展,特别是关于儿童和青少年的研究和干预。
Developmental psychopathology (DP) is a conceptual approach to the study of the origins and course of individual patterns in the development of psychopathology across the lifespan. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) aim to study dimensions of neurobiology and behavior to construct a new classification of psychopathology that will advance the understanding and treatment of mental disorders. In this commentary, we describe aspects of overall convergence and divergence between these two approaches. Developmental psychopathology and the RDoC overlap, in that they both (a) study the full range of variation from normality to psychopathology, (b) aim to understand the origins and mechanisms underlying psychopathology, (c) use multiple units of analysis to study salient domains of functioning, and (d) emphasize the importance of using reliable and valid measurement. There are also several differences between these perspectives. For example, RDoC is exclusively dimensional, whereas DP studies both continuities and discontinuities. According to RDoC, mental disorders are brain disorders and neurocircuitry is primary, whereas DP asserts that the development of psychopathology results from dynamic transactions among neurobiology, psychology, and social contexts. We conclude by identifying ways to leverage the DP and RDoC perspectives to advance progress in both, particularly regarding research and intervention for children and adolescents.
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